Key term
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
The ideal gas equation and molar volume
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1, 2 and 3
Overview
The ideal gas equation pV = nRT and the value of R, rearranging it to find an amount of gas, finding the molar mass of a volatile liquid from its mass and the volume, temperature and pressure of its vapour, and what makes a chemical equation balanced.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Numbers
Once moles of a volatile liquid vapour are known, how is the molar mass calculated?
Key term
State the ideal gas equation.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State the ideal gas equation.
Model answer
pV = nRT, where p is pressure, V is volume, n is amount in moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.
- 2
What is the value and units of the gas constant R?
Model answer
8.314 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
- 3
State the rearranged form of the ideal gas equation used to calculate the amount of gas in moles.
Model answer
n = pV/RT
- 4
Calculate the amount of substance when pressure = 158000 Pa, volume = 0.0016 m³, gas constant = 8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, temperature = 344 K.
Model answer
Amount of substance = (158000 × 0.0016) ÷ (8.31 × 344) = 0.0884 mol.
- 5
When determining the molecular formula of a volatile liquid using the ideal gas equation, what initial measurement must be made?
Model answer
Measure the mass of the volatile liquid.
- 6
After measuring the mass of a volatile liquid, what conditions must be measured once it is vaporised?
Model answer
Measure the volume, temperature and pressure of the vapour.
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