Process
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Transition Metals
Coordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexes
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Coordination number, water, hydroxide ions and ammonia as monodentate ligands, octahedral complexes with 90° bond angles, tetrahedral complexes with chloride ions at 109.5°, and square planar complexes such as cisplatin.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Explain why hydroxide ions act as monodentate ligands.
Key term
Define coordination number.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define coordination number.
Model answer
The number of dative bonds from ligands to the central metal ion in a complex.
- 2
Define a monodentate ligand.
Model answer
A ligand that forms one dative bond to the central metal ion using one lone pair of electrons.
- 3
Explain why water acts as a monodentate ligand.
Model answer
Water has lone pairs on the oxygen atom that can form one dative bond to a metal ion.
- 4
Explain why hydroxide ions act as monodentate ligands.
Model answer
Hydroxide ions have lone pairs on the oxygen atom that can form one dative bond to a metal ion.
- 5
Explain why ammonia acts as a monodentate ligand.
Model answer
Ammonia has a lone pair on the nitrogen atom that can form one dative bond to a metal ion.
- 6
What shape do complexes with coordination number 6 adopt, and what are the bond angles?
Model answer
Octahedral shape with bond angles of 90°.
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