Key term
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Equations, concentration and reacting quantities
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1, 2 and 3
Overview
State symbols, ionic equations and spectator ions, n = c × V and converting cm³ to dm³, the amount of gas from molar volume, reacting masses and reacting gas volumes from a balanced equation, converting mol dm⁻³ to g dm⁻³, and the equivalence point and indicator colours in a titration.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
State the formula for calculating the amount of gas in moles using molar volume.
Key term
State the four state symbols used in chemical equations and what each represents.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State the four state symbols used in chemical equations and what each represents.
Model answer
(s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas, and (aq) for aqueous solution.
- 2
What do ionic equations show?
Model answer
Ionic equations show only the species that undergo chemical change, omitting spectator ions.
- 3
Define spectator ions.
Model answer
Spectator ions are ions present in solution that do not participate in the reaction.
- 4
State the formula relating amount of substance to concentration and volume of a solution.
Model answer
n = c × V, where n is amount in moles, c is concentration in mol dm⁻³, and V is volume in dm³.
- 5
Calculate the amount of substance when concentration = 1.45 mol dm⁻³, volume = 0.7 dm³.
Model answer
Amount of substance = 1.45 × 0.7 = 1.02 mol.
- 6
How do you convert a volume from cm³ to dm³?
Model answer
Divide the volume in cm³ by 1000.
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