Key term
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Organic Chemistry I
Stereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclature
- 3 things to know
- Papers 2 and 3
Overview
Stereoisomerism and why restricted rotation about C=C gives E/Z isomers, assigning E and Z by Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority, when cis-trans naming is used instead and how cis and trans isomers differ, identifying chiral centres for optical activity, and using symmetry to describe stereoisomerism.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Define stereoisomerism.
Key term
What is E/Z isomerism?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define stereoisomerism.
Model answer
When compounds have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.
- 2
What is E/Z isomerism?
Model answer
A type of stereoisomerism that occurs due to restricted rotation around a carbon-carbon double bond.
- 3
What structural requirement must be met for E/Z isomerism to occur?
Model answer
Each carbon of the double bond must have two different groups attached.
- 4
How is priority assigned to groups in E/Z nomenclature?
Model answer
Using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules, based on the atomic number of atoms directly attached to the double bond carbons.
- 5
In E/Z nomenclature, what does the Z isomer indicate about the positions of higher priority groups?
Model answer
The higher priority groups are on the same side of the double bond (zusammen means together).
- 6
What arrangement of higher priority groups defines the E isomer?
Model answer
The higher priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond (entgegen means opposite).
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