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Organic Chemistry III

Electrophilic substitution of benzene

  • 3 things to know
  • Papers 2 and 3

Overview

The reagents, catalysts and products for the bromination and nitration of benzene, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation with aluminium chloride, and how the halogen carrier generates the electrophile.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

In the halogenation of benzene, how is the electrophile generated?

Key term

What type of catalyst is required for the bromination of benzene?

Key term

What inorganic product is formed alongside bromobenzene in the bromination of benzene?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What type of catalyst is required for the bromination of benzene?

    Model answer

    A halogen carrier catalyst (such as FeBr₃).

  2. 2

    Benzene plus bromine over a halogen carrier — name the organic product.

    Model answer

    Bromobenzene.

  3. 3

    What inorganic product is formed alongside bromobenzene in the bromination of benzene?

    Model answer

    Hydrogen bromide (HBr).

  4. 4

    What reagents are required for the nitration of benzene?

    Model answer

    A mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

  5. 5

    Name the organic product formed when benzene undergoes nitration.

    Model answer

    Nitrobenzene.

  6. 6

    What is the role of sulfuric acid in the nitration of benzene?

    Model answer

    It acts as a catalyst.

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