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Continuity of Cells

Cytokinesis and the significance of mitosis

  • 3 things to know
  • Unit AS 1

Overview

Term cytokinesis, how cytokinesis occurs in an animal cell and how cytokinesis occurs in a plant cell.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Define the term cytokinesis.

Key term

Describe how cytokinesis occurs in an animal cell.

Key term

Describe how cytokinesis occurs in a plant cell.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Define the term cytokinesis.

    Model answer

    Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that follows nuclear division and produces two separate cells.

  2. 2

    Describe how cytokinesis occurs in an animal cell.

    Model answer

    A ring of protein filaments beneath the membrane contracts at the equator, drawing the surface inwards as a cleavage furrow until the cell is pinched into two.

  3. 3

    Describe how cytokinesis occurs in a plant cell.

    Model answer

    Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus line up along the equator and fuse to form a cell plate, which extends outwards until it joins the existing walls.

  4. 4

    Explain why a plant cell cannot divide by pinching inwards.

    Model answer

    The rigid cellulose wall cannot be drawn in, so a new wall must be built across the middle of the cell instead.

  5. 5

    What does the cell plate of a dividing plant cell become?

    Model answer

    It becomes the middle lamella, on either side of which each daughter cell lays down its own new cellulose wall.

  6. 6

    State the significance of mitosis in terms of genetic constancy.

    Model answer

    Mitosis produces daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent nucleus, so genetic constancy is maintained.

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