What draws mining companies into cold environments?

Valuable ores such as gold, copper, nickel and iron, which are worth enough to cover the high cost of working in such a place.

What energy resources have attracted development to cold environments?

Oil and natural gas beneath the ground and the seabed, and fast-flowing meltwater rivers used to generate hydro-electric power.

Why are the seas around cold environments such rich fishing grounds?

Cold, nutrient-rich water supports enormous stocks of fish and shellfish, which in turn support fishing fleets, processing plants and export earnings.

What attracts tourists to a cold environment, and how do most of them travel there?

Wilderness scenery, glaciers, ice and rare wildlife, seen mostly from cruise ships or on small guided expeditions.

AQA GCSE Geography 8035

Climate Change

Topic overview The evidence, causes and effects of climate change Managing climate change: mitigation and adaptation

Coastal Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option

Topic overview Waves and coastal processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and deposition Coastal landforms of erosion and deposition Identifying landforms on a stretch of UK coastline Coastal management: hard and soft engineering, and a UK scheme Managing the Holderness coast at Mappleton

Cold EnvironmentsLiving world option

Topic overview Cold environment characteristics, interdependence and adaptations Cold environment biodiversity Opportunities and challenges of developing a cold environment Protecting wilderness: balancing development and conservation

Ecosystems

Topic overview Ecosystems at every scale: interrelationships, balance and global distribution

EnergyResource option

Topic overview Energy surplus and deficit, and why demand is rising The impacts of energy insecurity Strategies to increase energy supply Towards a sustainable energy supply

FoodResource option

Topic overview Food security and insecurity: patterns, causes and impacts Strategies to increase food supply Towards a sustainable food supply

Geographical Applications: Fieldwork Enquiry

Topic overview Choosing an enquiry question, its theory and its sources Risk assessment in fieldwork Primary and secondary data, and sampling methods Justifying your data collection methods Choosing and using presentation methods Describing, analysing and explaining fieldwork results Anomalies in fieldwork data Drawing conclusions from an enquiry Evaluating an enquiry: problems, limitations and missing data How reliable were your conclusions?

Geographical Skills

Topic overview Atlas maps: coordinates, distributions and patterns Reading thematic maps for physical and human associations OS maps: scale, grid references, distance and direction OS maps: gradient, contours and landscape features OS maps: relief, cross sections and drawing inferences OS maps: transects, landscape description and human activity Comparing maps, sketch maps and photographs Describing landscapes from photographs, and annotating them Choosing and constructing the right graph or chart Completing choropleth, isoline, dot, desire-line and flow maps Reading population pyramids, choropleth and flow-line maps Number, scale, proportion and ratio, and designing data sheets Drawing conclusions from numerical data Averages, spread, percentages and correlation Spotting weaknesses in how data is presented Using maps, fieldwork data and GIS as evidence Using imagery, written, visual and graphical sources Using numerical and statistical information as evidence Framing an enquiry and writing about it Building an argument and reaching a conclusion Issue evaluation: stakeholders, options and a justified decision

Glacial Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option

Topic overview The last ice age in the UK, and glacial processes Glacial landforms of erosion, transport and deposition Identifying landforms in a glaciated UK upland Economic activity, conflict and tourism in glaciated uplands Tourism in the Lake District

Hot DesertsLiving world option

Topic overview Hot desert characteristics, interdependence and adaptations Hot desert biodiversity Opportunities and challenges of developing a hot desert Desertification: causes and how the risk is reduced

Natural Hazards

Topic overview What a natural hazard is, and what affects hazard risk

Resource Management

Topic overview Why food, water and energy matter, and how unequally they are shared Resources in the UK, and the changing demand for food The UK's changing demand for water and energy

River Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option

Topic overview The long and cross profiles of a river, and fluvial processes River landforms from source to mouth Identifying landforms in a UK river valley Flood risk, hydrographs and flood management strategies A UK flood management scheme and its effects

Tectonic Hazards

Topic overview Plate tectonics, plate margins and where earthquakes and volcanoes occur The effects of and responses to a tectonic hazard Contrasting earthquakes: Chile 2010 and Nepal 2015 Living with tectonic risk: monitoring, prediction, protection and planning

The Changing Economic World

Topic overview Classifying development, and how it is measured Why measures fall short, the Demographic Transition Model, and causes of uneven development The consequences of uneven development Closing the development gap, and tourism as a strategy A rapidly developing country: change, industry, aid and impacts Nigeria: a newly emerging economy Economic futures in the UK UK economic change: named examples

Tropical Rainforests

Topic overview Rainforest characteristics, interdependence and adaptations Rainforest biodiversity Deforestation: rates, causes and impacts Deforestation in the Amazon The value of rainforests and how they are managed sustainably

UK Physical Landscapes

Topic overview The UK's upland areas, lowland areas and river systems

Urban Issues and Challenges

Topic overview Global urbanisation: patterns, trends and what drives them The rise of megacities A major city in a poorer or emerging country, and planning for the urban poor Rio de Janeiro: growth, opportunities and challenges The UK's urban population and a major UK city Bristol: urban change in a major UK city An urban regeneration project Sustainable urban living and urban transport

WaterResource option

Topic overview Water surplus and deficit, and why demand is rising The impacts of water insecurity Strategies to increase water supply Towards a sustainable water supply

Weather Hazards

Topic overview Global atmospheric circulation: pressure belts and surface winds Where tropical storms form, and why The structure of a tropical storm, and the effect of climate change The effects of and responses to tropical storms Reducing the effects of tropical storms Weather hazards in the UK An extreme weather event in the UK, and evidence of more extreme weather

Cold Environments

Opportunities and challenges of developing a cold environment

3 things to know
Paper 1 section B

Overview

Mineral extraction, energy, fishing and tourism as opportunities, the challenges of extreme cold, inaccessibility and building on permafrost, and Alaska's oil, Trans-Alaska Pipeline, mines, fisheries and tourism, with the Exxon Valdez spill.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What energy, fishing and tourism opportunities does a cold environment offer?

Key term

Which four kinds of development opportunity should you be able to describe for the cold environment you studied?

Key term

What should you be able to say about mineral extraction in the cold environment you studied?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Which four kinds of development opportunity should you be able to describe for the cold environment you studied?
Model answer
Mineral extraction, energy, fishing and tourism.
2
What draws mining companies into cold environments?
Model answer
Valuable ores such as gold, copper, nickel and iron, which are worth enough to cover the high cost of working in such a place.
3
What should you be able to say about mineral extraction in the cold environment you studied?
Model answer
Which minerals are worked and how they are carried out to market, and the jobs and income they bring set against the habitat they destroy.
4
What energy resources have attracted development to cold environments?
Model answer
Oil and natural gas beneath the ground and the seabed, and fast-flowing meltwater rivers used to generate hydro-electric power.
5
Why are the seas around cold environments such rich fishing grounds?
Model answer
Cold, nutrient-rich water supports enormous stocks of fish and shellfish, which in turn support fishing fleets, processing plants and export earnings.
6
What attracts tourists to a cold environment, and how do most of them travel there?
Model answer
Wilderness scenery, glaciers, ice and rare wildlife, seen mostly from cruise ships or on small guided expeditions.

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