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Tectonic Hazards

Living with tectonic risk: monitoring, prediction, protection and planning

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Why people stay near volcanoes and fault lines, from family to fertile soil, geothermal energy and tourism, and how monitoring, prediction, protective building and planning reduce the risk.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Name two resources that volcanic areas offer besides fertile soil.

Key term

How does the rarity of major events explain why people stay?

Key term

Why can an eruption often be predicted when an earthquake cannot?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Give two personal reasons people stay in a place they know is at risk from an earthquake or eruption.

    Model answer

    It is where they were born and where their family and friends live, and their job and their home are there.

  2. 2

    Why does farming attract people to the slopes of a volcano?

    Model answer

    Because weathered lava and ash break down into deep, mineral-rich soils that give unusually high crop yields.

  3. 3

    Name two resources that volcanic areas offer besides fertile soil.

    Model answer

    Geothermal heat that can be tapped for cheap electricity and hot water, and minerals such as sulphur and metal ores that can be mined.

  4. 4

    How can a volcano bring money into the local economy?

    Model answer

    It draws tourists to see the crater, hot springs and lava landscape, which creates jobs in guiding, transport, hotels and shops.

  5. 5

    How does the rarity of major events explain why people stay?

    Model answer

    Serious earthquakes and eruptions may be decades apart, so many residents have never experienced one and judge the risk to be small.

  6. 6

    Why do some of the poorest residents have no real choice about staying?

    Model answer

    Because they cannot afford to buy land or a home anywhere safer, and moving would mean losing the work that feeds them.

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