Key term
AQA GCSE Geography 8035
Climate Change
Coastal Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Topic overviewWaves and coastal processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and depositionCoastal landforms of erosion and depositionIdentifying landforms on a stretch of UK coastlineCoastal management: hard and soft engineering, and a UK schemeManaging the Holderness coast at Mappleton
Cold EnvironmentsLiving world option
Ecosystems
EnergyResource option
FoodResource option
Geographical Applications: Fieldwork Enquiry
Topic overviewChoosing an enquiry question, its theory and its sourcesRisk assessment in fieldworkPrimary and secondary data, and sampling methodsJustifying your data collection methodsChoosing and using presentation methodsDescribing, analysing and explaining fieldwork resultsAnomalies in fieldwork dataDrawing conclusions from an enquiryEvaluating an enquiry: problems, limitations and missing dataHow reliable were your conclusions?
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewAtlas maps: coordinates, distributions and patternsReading thematic maps for physical and human associationsOS maps: scale, grid references, distance and directionOS maps: gradient, contours and landscape featuresOS maps: relief, cross sections and drawing inferencesOS maps: transects, landscape description and human activityComparing maps, sketch maps and photographsDescribing landscapes from photographs, and annotating themChoosing and constructing the right graph or chartCompleting choropleth, isoline, dot, desire-line and flow mapsReading population pyramids, choropleth and flow-line mapsNumber, scale, proportion and ratio, and designing data sheetsDrawing conclusions from numerical dataAverages, spread, percentages and correlationSpotting weaknesses in how data is presentedUsing maps, fieldwork data and GIS as evidenceUsing imagery, written, visual and graphical sourcesUsing numerical and statistical information as evidenceFraming an enquiry and writing about itBuilding an argument and reaching a conclusionIssue evaluation: stakeholders, options and a justified decision
Glacial Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Hot DesertsLiving world option
Resource Management
River Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Tectonic Hazards
The Changing Economic World
Topic overviewClassifying development, and how it is measuredWhy measures fall short, the Demographic Transition Model, and causes of uneven developmentThe consequences of uneven developmentClosing the development gap, and tourism as a strategyA rapidly developing country: change, industry, aid and impactsNigeria: a newly emerging economyEconomic futures in the UKUK economic change: named examples
Tropical Rainforests
UK Physical Landscapes
Urban Issues and Challenges
Topic overviewGlobal urbanisation: patterns, trends and what drives themThe rise of megacitiesA major city in a poorer or emerging country, and planning for the urban poorRio de Janeiro: growth, opportunities and challengesThe UK's urban population and a major UK cityBristol: urban change in a major UK cityAn urban regeneration projectSustainable urban living and urban transport
WaterResource option
Weather Hazards
Topic overviewGlobal atmospheric circulation: pressure belts and surface windsWhere tropical storms form, and whyThe structure of a tropical storm, and the effect of climate changeThe effects of and responses to tropical stormsReducing the effects of tropical stormsWeather hazards in the UKAn extreme weather event in the UK, and evidence of more extreme weather
River Landscapes in the UK
The long and cross profiles of a river, and fluvial processes
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1 section C
Overview
The long profile and changing cross profile of a river, how width, depth and velocity change downstream, hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution, vertical and lateral erosion, the four ways a river transports its load, and where deposition happens.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How does the cross profile of a river valley differ between the upper course and the lower course?
Key term
How do the width and depth of a river channel change as the water flows downstream?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does the long profile of a river show?
Model answer
It shows how the height of the channel falls all the way from the source down to the mouth, dropping steeply at first and then more and more gently.
- 2
How does the cross profile of a river valley differ between the upper course and the lower course?
Model answer
In the upper course it is a narrow, steep-sided V-shape, while in the lower course it is a very wide, almost flat floor with gentle slopes at the edges.
- 3
How do the width and depth of a river channel change as the water flows downstream?
Model answer
The channel becomes both wider and deeper, because discharge increases as tributaries add their water to it.
- 4
Why does a river usually flow faster near its mouth than near its source, even though the land there is flatter?
Model answer
The wide, deep channel puts a smaller share of the water in contact with the bed and banks, so there is less friction to slow it down.
- 5
How does hydraulic action wear away the bed and banks of a river?
Model answer
The sheer force of the moving water forces air into cracks in the rock, and the repeated pressure breaks pieces away.
- 6
What is abrasion in a river?
Model answer
It is the scraping and grinding of the bed and banks by the sand, pebbles and boulders that the water is carrying.
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