Key term
AQA GCSE Geography 8035
Climate Change
Coastal Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Topic overviewWaves and coastal processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and depositionCoastal landforms of erosion and depositionIdentifying landforms on a stretch of UK coastlineCoastal management: hard and soft engineering, and a UK schemeManaging the Holderness coast at Mappleton
Cold EnvironmentsLiving world option
Ecosystems
EnergyResource option
FoodResource option
Geographical Applications: Fieldwork Enquiry
Topic overviewChoosing an enquiry question, its theory and its sourcesRisk assessment in fieldworkPrimary and secondary data, and sampling methodsJustifying your data collection methodsChoosing and using presentation methodsDescribing, analysing and explaining fieldwork resultsAnomalies in fieldwork dataDrawing conclusions from an enquiryEvaluating an enquiry: problems, limitations and missing dataHow reliable were your conclusions?
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewAtlas maps: coordinates, distributions and patternsReading thematic maps for physical and human associationsOS maps: scale, grid references, distance and directionOS maps: gradient, contours and landscape featuresOS maps: relief, cross sections and drawing inferencesOS maps: transects, landscape description and human activityComparing maps, sketch maps and photographsDescribing landscapes from photographs, and annotating themChoosing and constructing the right graph or chartCompleting choropleth, isoline, dot, desire-line and flow mapsReading population pyramids, choropleth and flow-line mapsNumber, scale, proportion and ratio, and designing data sheetsDrawing conclusions from numerical dataAverages, spread, percentages and correlationSpotting weaknesses in how data is presentedUsing maps, fieldwork data and GIS as evidenceUsing imagery, written, visual and graphical sourcesUsing numerical and statistical information as evidenceFraming an enquiry and writing about itBuilding an argument and reaching a conclusionIssue evaluation: stakeholders, options and a justified decision
Glacial Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Hot DesertsLiving world option
Resource Management
River Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Tectonic Hazards
The Changing Economic World
Topic overviewClassifying development, and how it is measuredWhy measures fall short, the Demographic Transition Model, and causes of uneven developmentThe consequences of uneven developmentClosing the development gap, and tourism as a strategyA rapidly developing country: change, industry, aid and impactsNigeria: a newly emerging economyEconomic futures in the UKUK economic change: named examples
Tropical Rainforests
UK Physical Landscapes
Urban Issues and Challenges
Topic overviewGlobal urbanisation: patterns, trends and what drives themThe rise of megacitiesA major city in a poorer or emerging country, and planning for the urban poorRio de Janeiro: growth, opportunities and challengesThe UK's urban population and a major UK cityBristol: urban change in a major UK cityAn urban regeneration projectSustainable urban living and urban transport
WaterResource option
Weather Hazards
Topic overviewGlobal atmospheric circulation: pressure belts and surface windsWhere tropical storms form, and whyThe structure of a tropical storm, and the effect of climate changeThe effects of and responses to tropical stormsReducing the effects of tropical stormsWeather hazards in the UKAn extreme weather event in the UK, and evidence of more extreme weather
River Landscapes in the UK
- 5 subtopics
- 15 things to know
- Paper 1 section C
- Paper 1 section C, two of the three UK landscapes
What River Landscapes in the UK covers
River Landscapes in the UK is examined in Paper 1, Living with the physical environment. It covers the long and cross profiles of a river, and fluvial processes, river landforms from source to mouth, Identifying landforms in a UK river valley, flood risk, hydrographs and flood management strategies and A UK flood management scheme and its effects.
Where it is assessed
Paper 1 section C
Living with the physical environment: two of the three UK landscapes.
Check the AQA specification ↗The 5 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The long and cross profiles of a river, and fluvial processesThe long profile and changing cross profile of a river, how width, depth and velocity change downstream, hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution, vertical and lateral erosion, the four ways a river transports its load, and where deposition happens.Open →
- River landforms from source to mouthThe formation of interlocking spurs, waterfalls, plunge pools and gorges, meanders with river cliffs and slip-off slopes, ox-bow lakes, levées, flood plains and estuaries.Open →
- Identifying landforms in a UK river valleyThe erosional and depositional landforms of a UK river valley and their map evidence, grid references and flow direction, and the River Tees from Cross Fell and High Force waterfall to the meanders at Yarm and the Teesmouth estuary.Open →
- Flood risk, hydrographs and flood management strategiesHow rainfall, geology, relief and land use affect flood risk, reading hydrographs for discharge, lag time and flashy rivers, and the benefits and costs of dams, straightening, embankments, relief channels, warnings, zoning, tree planting and river restoration.Open →
- A UK flood management scheme and its effectsWhy a UK flood scheme is needed, weighing its cost, its social, economic and environmental effects, winners and losers, and the Banbury scheme on the River Cherwell with its embankment, flood storage area, raised road and new habitats.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
Working downstream through a UK river valley, which features would a student expect to identify at each stage?
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How does a meander develop over time, from the outside and inside of each bend to the neck between loops?
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How do prolonged rain, impermeable rock and built-up land each raise the risk of a river flooding?
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What should you be able to say about where the flood management scheme you have studied is?
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How does the cross profile of a river valley differ between the upper course and the lower course?
Process
How does a waterfall form where a band of hard rock lies over softer rock?
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What should you be able to do with the river valley you have studied?
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How does heavy rain falling for several days raise the chance of a flood?
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What three things should you be able to explain about the flood management scheme you have studied?
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How do the width and depth of a river channel change as the water flows downstream?
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What eventually happens to the overhang of hard rock at a waterfall?
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Which landforms of erosion would you expect to identify near the source of the river valley you have studied?
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Why can a short, intense downpour cause a flood even after a long dry spell?
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What evidence usually shows that a flood scheme was needed in a particular place?
Take River Landscapes in the UK further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Vertical erosion vs Lateral erosion
Vertical erosion: cutting downwards into the bed, dominant in the upper course. Lateral erosion: cutting sideways into the banks, dominant in the middle and lower course.
Traction vs Saltation
Traction: rolling the largest boulders along the bed. Saltation: bouncing smaller pebbles and grains of sand along in short hops.
Suspension vs Solution
Suspension: fine silt and clay held within the moving water. Solution: dissolved minerals carried invisibly in the water.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does the long profile of a river show?
Model answer
It shows how the height of the channel falls all the way from the source down to the mouth, dropping steeply at first and then more and more gently.
- 2
How does the cross profile of a river valley differ between the upper course and the lower course?
Model answer
In the upper course it is a narrow, steep-sided V-shape, while in the lower course it is a very wide, almost flat floor with gentle slopes at the edges.
- 3
How do the width and depth of a river channel change as the water flows downstream?
Model answer
The channel becomes both wider and deeper, because discharge increases as tributaries add their water to it.
- 4
Why does a river usually flow faster near its mouth than near its source, even though the land there is flatter?
Model answer
The wide, deep channel puts a smaller share of the water in contact with the bed and banks, so there is less friction to slow it down.
- 5
How does hydraulic action wear away the bed and banks of a river?
Model answer
The sheer force of the moving water forces air into cracks in the rock, and the repeated pressure breaks pieces away.
- 6
What is abrasion in a river?
Model answer
It is the scraping and grinding of the bed and banks by the sand, pebbles and boulders that the water is carrying.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
River Landscapes in the UK revision questions
- What does River Landscapes in the UK cover in AQA GCSE Geography?
- 5 subtopics: the long and cross profiles of a river, and fluvial processes, river landforms from source to mouth, identifying landforms in a uk river valley, flood risk, hydrographs and flood management strategies and a uk flood management scheme and its effects. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is River Landscapes in the UK organised?
- By the AQA 8035 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in River Landscapes in the UK, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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