Key term
AQA GCSE Geography 8035
Climate Change
Coastal Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Topic overviewWaves and coastal processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and depositionCoastal landforms of erosion and depositionIdentifying landforms on a stretch of UK coastlineCoastal management: hard and soft engineering, and a UK schemeManaging the Holderness coast at Mappleton
Cold EnvironmentsLiving world option
Ecosystems
EnergyResource option
FoodResource option
Geographical Applications: Fieldwork Enquiry
Topic overviewChoosing an enquiry question, its theory and its sourcesRisk assessment in fieldworkPrimary and secondary data, and sampling methodsJustifying your data collection methodsChoosing and using presentation methodsDescribing, analysing and explaining fieldwork resultsAnomalies in fieldwork dataDrawing conclusions from an enquiryEvaluating an enquiry: problems, limitations and missing dataHow reliable were your conclusions?
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewAtlas maps: coordinates, distributions and patternsReading thematic maps for physical and human associationsOS maps: scale, grid references, distance and directionOS maps: gradient, contours and landscape featuresOS maps: relief, cross sections and drawing inferencesOS maps: transects, landscape description and human activityComparing maps, sketch maps and photographsDescribing landscapes from photographs, and annotating themChoosing and constructing the right graph or chartCompleting choropleth, isoline, dot, desire-line and flow mapsReading population pyramids, choropleth and flow-line mapsNumber, scale, proportion and ratio, and designing data sheetsDrawing conclusions from numerical dataAverages, spread, percentages and correlationSpotting weaknesses in how data is presentedUsing maps, fieldwork data and GIS as evidenceUsing imagery, written, visual and graphical sourcesUsing numerical and statistical information as evidenceFraming an enquiry and writing about itBuilding an argument and reaching a conclusionIssue evaluation: stakeholders, options and a justified decision
Glacial Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Hot DesertsLiving world option
Resource Management
River Landscapes in the UKUK landscape option
Tectonic Hazards
The Changing Economic World
Topic overviewClassifying development, and how it is measuredWhy measures fall short, the Demographic Transition Model, and causes of uneven developmentThe consequences of uneven developmentClosing the development gap, and tourism as a strategyA rapidly developing country: change, industry, aid and impactsNigeria: a newly emerging economyEconomic futures in the UKUK economic change: named examples
Tropical Rainforests
UK Physical Landscapes
Urban Issues and Challenges
Topic overviewGlobal urbanisation: patterns, trends and what drives themThe rise of megacitiesA major city in a poorer or emerging country, and planning for the urban poorRio de Janeiro: growth, opportunities and challengesThe UK's urban population and a major UK cityBristol: urban change in a major UK cityAn urban regeneration projectSustainable urban living and urban transport
WaterResource option
Weather Hazards
Topic overviewGlobal atmospheric circulation: pressure belts and surface windsWhere tropical storms form, and whyThe structure of a tropical storm, and the effect of climate changeThe effects of and responses to tropical stormsReducing the effects of tropical stormsWeather hazards in the UKAn extreme weather event in the UK, and evidence of more extreme weather
Geographical Skills
Spotting weaknesses in how data is presented
- 2 things to know
- All three papers
Overview
Selective presentation, stretched or truncated axes, percentages without totals, averages that hide spread, choropleth class boundaries, out-of-date figures, graphs showing only two dates, unstated sources and misleading pictograms.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Why should you check whether the vertical axis of a bar chart starts at zero?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is meant by a selective presentation of data?
Model answer
Showing only the figures that support a particular point and leaving out those that do not.
- 2
How can the scale chosen for an axis make a small change look dramatic?
Model answer
Stretching the scale, or starting it well above zero, makes small differences between bars or points appear very large.
- 3
Why should you check whether the vertical axis of a bar chart starts at zero?
Model answer
An axis cut off above zero exaggerates the difference between the bars and misleads the reader.
- 4
Why is a percentage misleading when the total it came from is not given?
Model answer
A large percentage of a very small total may stand for only two or three cases.
- 5
What is the weakness of quoting only an average for a set of readings?
Model answer
It conceals the spread, so extreme values and how varied the readings are stay hidden.
- 6
How can the choice of class boundaries change the pattern a choropleth map shows?
Model answer
Different limits put areas into different shading bands, so the same data can be made to look evenly or very unevenly spread.
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