Key term
WJEC AS-Level History 601-5817-7
Government, Rebellion and Society in Wales and England c.1485-1603Period study
Topic overviewHenry VII and the establishment of the Tudor dynastyThe revolution in government under Henry VIIIWolsey, Cromwell and Cecil as chief ministersElizabeth, the privy council and ParliamentThe Henrician ReformationReligion under Edward VI and Mary IThe Elizabethan Church SettlementThe Pilgrimage of Grace and the Tudor rebellionsTrade, industry and the growth of townsThe rise of the gentry and social changePoverty, vagrancy and the poor lawsThe Acts of Union and the government of WalesReligion, the Welsh Bible and Welsh identity
Government, Revolution and Society in Wales and England c.1603-1715Period study
Topic overviewJames I and the Stuart accessionCharles I and the drift to conflictThe causes and course of the Civil WarRegicide and the experiment in republicThe Restoration of 1660Charles II, Parliament and the succession crisisJames II and the Glorious RevolutionThe Revolution Settlement and party politics
Politics, Protest and Reform in Wales and England c.1780-1880Period study
Topic overviewThe unreformed electoral system and early demands for reformThe French Revolution, British radicalism and repression 1789-1812Radical discontent and Lord Liverpool's governments 1812-1822The Liberal Tory reforms 1822-1830The Reform Act crisis and the Great Reform Act of 1832The Merthyr Rising of 1831Rural protest: the Swing riots and the Rebecca riotsChartism in Wales and EnglandThe motives for social reform and the new Poor LawFactory, mines, public health and education reform 1833-1848Peel, the Anti-Corn Law League and the repeal of the Corn LawsThe Liberal party, Gladstone and Disraeli 1859-1880
Politics, People and Progress: Wales and England c.1880-1980Period study
Topic overviewThe Liberal welfare reforms 1906-1914Economic problems and responses in the 1920s and 1930sThe Labour governments of 1945-1951The changing fortunes of the Liberal PartyThe Conservative Party and coalition governmentThe growth of the Labour PartyThe impact of the Boer War and the First World WarThe social and economic impact of the Second World WarThe changing economy, work and employment 1918-1980The Welsh language, culture and demands for political changeSocial, religious and cultural change 1918-1980The campaign for women's suffrage before 1918Women, the franchise and changing status 1918-1980
Political and Religious Change in Europe c.1500-1598Period study
Topic overviewThe Catholic Church in the early sixteenth centuryExploration, the New World and its impact on EuropeThe growing power of the nation statesRenaissance culture and humanismLuther and the challenge to RomeThe spread of Lutheranism: printing, towns and social pressuresFrom the Schmalkaldic League to the Peace of AugsburgThe Counter-Reformation and the Council of TrentFrancis I and the French monarchyHabsburg-Valois rivalryCharles V and the government of the Holy Roman EmpirePhilip II: finance, government and foreign policySuleiman the Magnificent and Ottoman expansionThe Christian reaction and the battle of Lepanto
Europe in the Age of Absolutism and Revolution c.1682-1815Period study
Topic overviewPeter the Great's reform of government and societyThe Church, the economy and the armed forces under Peter the GreatWesternisation and the building of St PetersburgThe Great Northern War and Peter the Great's foreign policyFrederick the Great's accession and the Prussian inheritanceFrederick the Great's domestic reformsFrederick the Great as an enlightened despotFrance under Louis XV and the ancien régimeThe structure of the French state: crown, finance and ChurchLouis XVI and the causes of the French RevolutionThe Baltic and the Great Powers after the Great Northern WarThe War of the Austrian Succession and the Diplomatic RevolutionThe Seven Years WarThe Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and the balance of power
Revolution and New Ideas in Europe c.1780-1881Period study
Topic overviewThe Napoleonic wars, the Vienna settlement and the Congress SystemThe revolutions of 1830 and 1848The Eastern Question and the Crimean WarItalian nationalism after 1815 and the revolutions of 1848Cavour, Napoleon III and the war of 1859Garibaldi, the Thousand and the completion of Italian unityGerman nationalism, the Zollverein and the revolutions of 1848Bismarck, Prussia and the wars of 1864 and 1866The Franco-Prussian War and the German EmpireNapoleon III: 1848, the coup d'état and the Second EmpireThe policies and collapse of the Second EmpireNicholas I and Russia 1825-1855Alexander II and the emancipation of the serfsThe great reforms and the growth of opposition to 1881
Europe in an Age of Conflict and Co-Operation c.1890-1991Period study
Topic overviewAlliances, ententes and the causes of the First World WarReconciliation and rivalry 1918-1929The League of Nations and the road to the Second World WarLiberal Italy in crisis and the rise of MussoliniFascist Italy: domestic policies, opposition and resistanceThe Weimar Republic and its problems 1918-1933The Nazi seizure and consolidation of powerNazi domestic policies, opposition and resistance to 1945The 1905 revolution and the fall of tsarismThe Bolshevik revolution, civil war and consolidation to 1924Stalin's transformation of the Soviet Union to 1945The post-war division of Europe and the origins of the Cold WarThe drive for European economic co-operation and integrationCo-existence, détente and the end of the Cold War
The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570Depth study
Topic overviewLawlessness in Wales and the Council in the MarchesThe Acts of Union 1536 and 1543The King's Great Matter and the royal supremacyThomas Cromwell and the dissolution of the monasteriesOpposition to religious change and the Pilgrimage of GraceEdward VI's minority: Somerset, Northumberland and factionThe Edwardian Prayer Books and Acts of UniformityThe rebellions of 1549 and the response of authorityMary Tudor's accession, marriage and the Wyatt rebellionCatholic restoration and persecution under MarySociety, the economy and the Welsh gentry after the Acts of UnionThe Elizabethan Church Settlement and the Welsh ScripturesPuritanism and the Catholic threat to 1570
Royalty, Rebellion and Republic c.1625-1660Depth study
Topic overviewThe legacy of James I and the character of Charles IParliament, war and the Petition of Right 1625-1629The ministers and methods of Personal RuleThe finances of Personal Rule and Ship MoneyLaud, Arminianism and Puritan oppositionScotland, the Bishops' Wars and the recall of ParliamentThe Long Parliament and the attack on Personal RuleIreland, the Grand Remonstrance and the outbreak of warWales and the Welsh in the Civil WarLeadership, the New Model Army and the defeat of the KingThe failure of settlement, the Second Civil War and the regicideRadicalism, religious dissent and the reaction in WalesThe republic, the Protectorate and the rule of the Major-GeneralsThe collapse of the republic and the Restoration
Reform and Protest in Wales and England c.1783-1848Depth study
Topic overviewPitt, the French Revolution and the corresponding societiesPopular protest from Luddism to PeterlooLord Liverpool's government and the Six ActsThe Liberal Tory reforms 1822-1830The unreformed electoral system and the pressure for reformThe Merthyr rising, Captain Swing and the Reform Bill crisisThe Great Reform Act of 1832The Whig reforms 1833-1841The New Poor Law and the opposition to itChartism in Wales and EnglandThe Rebecca riots and rural WalesPeel, the Conservative party and the repeal of the Corn LawsSocial reform, Shaftesbury and public health
Politics and Society in Wales and England c.1900-1939Depth study
Topic overviewPopulation change and the surveys of Booth and RowntreeConservative government to 1905 and the 1906 electionThe Liberal welfare reforms 1906-1914The People's Budget and the Parliament Act 1911Heavy industry, agriculture and the Welsh economy before 1914Industrial unrest in Wales: the Penrhyn lockout, Tonypandy and LlanelliTrade unions and the rise of the Labour PartyWomen, the vote and war workReligion, education and Welsh cultureWales and the Great War: voluntarism, conscription and the home frontIndustrial decline, the coal disputes and the General Strike of 1926The Depression in Wales: unemployment, migration and government responsePolitics between the wars: from the Lloyd George coalition to the National GovernmentSociety, leisure and popular culture between the wars
The Religious Reformation in Europe c.1500-1564Depth study
Topic overviewThe Church in Europe in 1500: power, wealth and daily lifeCriticism of the Church: anticlericalism, heresy and the humanistsIndulgences, Tetzel and the Ninety-Five ThesesFrom Leipzig to Worms: Luther's break with RomeThe development of Lutheran doctrineThe Knights' Revolt and the Peasants' WarZwingli, the radicals and division among the reformersPrinting, princes and cities: the spread of LutheranismThe Augsburg Confession and the Schmalkaldic LeagueCharles V, the Schmalkaldic War and the Peace of AugsburgAnabaptism and the Münster rebellionJohn Calvin, Geneva and the spread of CalvinismThe Catholic revival: Paul III, the Inquisition and the Council of TrentLoyola, the Jesuits and the reforming orders
France in Revolution c.1774-1815Depth study
Topic overviewThe three estates: privilege and burden under the Ancien RégimeGovernment, finance and the ideas of the philosophesTurgot, Necker and Calonne: the failure of reformThe Assembly of Notables, the cahiers and the Estates General1789: the National Assembly, the Bastille and the Great FearThe October Days and the reforms of the National AssemblyThe Church, refractory priests and the Constitution of 1791Varennes, the Legislative Assembly and the coming of warThe fall of the monarchy and the September MassacresThe Convention, the execution of Louis and the VendéeThe Terror: government, Robespierre and the factionsThermidor, the Directory and the rise of BonaparteNapoleon's reforms as Consul and EmperorWar, the Continental System and the fall of Napoleon
The Crisis of the American Republic c.1840-1877Depth study
Topic overviewNorth and South: two societies by 1840The institution of slavery in the SouthManifest Destiny, the Mexican War and the Wilmot ProvisoThe Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave LawAbolitionism: Garrison, Stowe and John BrownThe Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding KansasThe Republican party and the Dred Scott decisionLincoln and the Lincoln-Douglas debatesHarpers Ferry, the election of 1860 and secessionThe resources, commanders and strategy of North and SouthCampaigns, the home fronts and the defeat of the SouthLincoln's war presidency and emancipationJohnson, Congress and the Reconstruction amendmentsRadical Reconstruction, the Klan and Redemption
Germany: Democracy and Dictatorship c.1918-1945Depth study
Topic overviewThe revolution of 1918 and the Weimar ConstitutionThe Treaty of Versailles and its impact on GermanyThe Spartacists, the Kapp Putsch and the threats to the republicReparations, the Ruhr and the hyperinflation of 1923The early Nazi party and the Munich PutschStresemann, the Dawes and Young Plans and LocarnoThe Nazi party 1924-1932 and the growth of its supportThe Depression and the collapse of parliamentary governmentHitler's consolidation of power 1933-1934Propaganda, terror and the extent of Nazi controlNazi racial policy and the persecution of the JewsYoung people, women, workers and the churches under the NazisThe Nazi economy: recovery, rearmament and total warNazi foreign policy and the Second World War
The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570
- 13 subtopics
- 39 things to know
- AS Unit 2 and A2 Unit 4
- Units 2 and 4, one depth study of eight, taken in two halves
What The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 covers
The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 is examined in Units 2 and 4, the depth study — one of eight options, taken in two halves across the course. It covers lawlessness in Wales and the Council in the Marches, the Acts of Union 1536 and 1543, the King's Great Matter and the royal supremacy, Thomas Cromwell and the dissolution of the monasteries, opposition to religious change and the Pilgrimage of Grace, Edward VI's minority: Somerset, Northumberland and faction, the Edwardian Prayer Books and Acts of Uniformity, the rebellions of 1549 and the response of authority, Mary Tudor's accession, marriage and the Wyatt rebellion, catholic restoration and persecution under Mary, society, the economy and the Welsh gentry after the Acts of Union, the Elizabethan Church Settlement and the Welsh Scriptures and Puritanism and the Catholic threat to 1570.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 2 and A2 Unit 4
The depth study, one option of eight, taken in two halves across the course.
Check the WJEC specification ↗The 13 subtopics
Each one has its own page. WJEC AS History students sit this topic in the first year.
- Lawlessness in Wales and the Council in the MarchesMarcher lordship, practice known as advowry and cymortha as it was practised in early Tudor Wales.Open →
- The Acts of Union 1536 and 1543Recall questions on why the Crown legislated for Wales, what became of the marcher lordships, the counties and members created, the courts established, and the clause on language.Open →
- The King's Great Matter and the royal supremacyWhat was meant by the King's Great Matter, praemunire and explain how it was used against the clergy and submission of the Clergy.Open →
- Thomas Cromwell and the dissolution of the monasteriesOffice of vicegerent in spirituals, valor Ecclesiasticus and three Welsh monastic houses dissolved under Henry VIII.Open →
- Opposition to religious change and the Pilgrimage of GraceThree grievances set out in the Pontefract Articles and fate of Robert Aske.Open →
- Edward VI's minority: Somerset, Northumberland and factionSomerset's policy towards Scotland and two achievements of Northumberland's administration.Open →
- The Edwardian Prayer Books and Acts of UniformityForty-Two Articles and vestments controversy of Edward's reign.Open →
- The rebellions of 1549 and the response of authorityImmediate trigger of the Western Rebellion and three demands of the western rebels.Open →
- Mary Tudor's accession, marriage and the Wyatt rebellionFate of Northumberland and of Jane Grey, disagreement between Gardiner and Paget over the marriage and plan behind Wyatt's Rebellion.Open →
- Catholic restoration and persecution under MaryLaws that made the burnings possible and three Protestant martyrs burned in Wales.Open →
- Society, the economy and the Welsh gentry after the Acts of UnionGreat Debasement, new concepts of gentility in this period and three Welsh towns that grew in importance in this period.Open →
- The Elizabethan Church Settlement and the Welsh ScripturesOrnaments rubric and thirty-Nine Articles.Open →
- Puritanism and the Catholic threat to 1570Vestiarian controversy, term recusant and what Regnans in Excelsis declared.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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What was Somerset's policy towards Scotland?
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What was the disagreement between Gardiner and Paget over the marriage?
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Describe the new concepts of gentility in this period.
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Does the evidence of the 1550s support calling the mid-century a crisis?
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Describe the state of law and order in Wales in the years before 1536.
Numbers
Why was the Pope unable to grant Henry VIII his annulment?
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Why did Cromwell prefer to work through statute?
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Give three reasons why people opposed the religious changes of the 1530s.
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How did religious policy change in the first months of Edward VI's reign?
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Name the two major rebellions of 1549.
Numbers
Who was Reginald Pole?
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What was the religious situation when Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558?
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What did Puritans want from the Church of England?
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Define a Marcher lordship.
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Give three reasons why the Crown moved to unite Wales with England in the 1530s.
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What happened at the legatine court held at Blackfriars in 1529?
Numbers
Define the Valor Ecclesiasticus.
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Where and when did the risings known as the Pilgrimage of Grace begin?
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How did Edward Seymour set aside the terms of Henry VIII's will to take power?
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Why did the dissolution of the chantries matter beyond religion?
Numbers
What was the immediate trigger of the Western Rebellion?
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Whom did Northumberland attempt to place on the throne in 1553?
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What happened in November 1554?
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What title did the Act of Supremacy of 1559 give Elizabeth?
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Why did the Marian exiles matter to the growth of Puritanism?
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Why did the patchwork of Marcher jurisdictions make crime so hard to punish?
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Name the counties created out of the Marcher lordships in 1536.
Numbers
Define the Submission of the Clergy.
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What was the stated justification for dissolving the smaller monasteries in 1536?
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Who led the Yorkshire rising of 1536?
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Why is minority rule so dangerous in a personal monarchy?
Who and when
Who was the principal author of the English Prayer Book?
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Why did the Cornish object particularly strongly to the new service?
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Why did the attempt to make Jane Grey queen fail so quickly?
Numbers
Name the laws that made the burnings possible.
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Give three causes of the price rise in mid-Tudor England and Wales.
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How did the Marian bishops respond to the settlement?
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Describe the vestiarian controversy.
Take The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Pilgrimage of Grace vs Western Rebellion
Pilgrimage of Grace: the northern rising that broke out in Lincolnshire in October 1536 and spread into Yorkshire, demanding the restoration of the suppressed monasteries and the removal of Cromwell. Western Rebellion: the rising of Devon and Cornwall in 1549, triggered by the introduction of the English Prayer Book at Whitsun and broken by Lord Russell at Sampford Courtenay.
Kett's Rebellion vs Wyatt's Rebellion
Kett's Rebellion: the agrarian rising of 1549 in Norfolk against enclosure and the abuse of manorial rights, which camped on Mousehold Heath and captured Norwich. Wyatt's Rebellion: the Kentish rising of 1554 against the Spanish marriage, which reached Ludgate before London's gates were held against it.
1549 Prayer Book vs 1552 Prayer Book
1549 Prayer Book: the first English liturgy, Protestant in shape but deliberately ambiguous on the sacrament, so that a conservative could still hear the old Mass in it. 1552 Prayer Book: the plainly Protestant liturgy that removed prayers for the dead, vestments and any suggestion of the real presence, treating communion as a memorial.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Describe the state of law and order in Wales in the years before 1536.
Model answer
Disorder was widespread, especially in the March, where cattle theft, feuding, robbery and protection payments frequently went unpunished.
- 2
Define a Marcher lordship.
Model answer
A semi-independent border territory whose lord held his own courts and customs, so royal writ and English common law did not run there.
- 3
Why did the patchwork of Marcher jurisdictions make crime so hard to punish?
Model answer
An offender needed only to cross into a neighbouring lordship to be beyond the reach of the court pursuing him, and lords often refused to surrender men who had taken shelter with them.
- 4
Explain the practice known as advowry, or arddel.
Model answer
The practice by which a Marcher lord took an offender from another lordship under his own protection in return for a payment, which put the man effectively beyond prosecution.
- 5
Define cymortha as it was practised in early Tudor Wales.
Model answer
It was a levy of gifts or contributions collected by a lord or official from tenants, which by the 1530s had become a form of extortion and was banned by statute.
- 6
Which body governed Wales and the border shires on the King's behalf, and where did it sit?
Model answer
The Council of Wales and the Marches, which sat at Ludlow.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 revision questions
- Is The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 examined at AS in WJEC History?
- Yes. It sits in AS Unit 2 and A2 Unit 4, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 cover in WJEC AS-Level History?
- 13 subtopics: lawlessness in wales and the council in the marches, the acts of union 1536 and 1543, the king's great matter and the royal supremacy, thomas cromwell and the dissolution of the monasteries, opposition to religious change and the pilgrimage of grace, edward vi's minority: somerset, northumberland and faction, the edwardian prayer books and acts of uniformity, the rebellions of 1549 and the response of authority, mary tudor's accession, marriage and the wyatt rebellion, catholic restoration and persecution under mary, society, the economy and the welsh gentry after the acts of union, the elizabethan church settlement and the welsh scriptures and puritanism and the catholic threat to 1570. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570 organised?
- By the WJEC 601-5817-7 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
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