Describe what the younger Pitt attempted to do about parliamentary representation in the 1780s.

He brought forward proposals to disfranchise a number of decayed boroughs and transfer their seats to the counties and to London, but they were defeated in the Commons.

Outline Edmund Burke's argument against the French Revolution.

That society is an inherited partnership between the generations, that abstract rights are no basis for government, and that sweeping away established institutions would end in violence and military rule.

Summarise Thomas Paine's reply to Burke.

That no generation can bind its successors, that government exists by the consent of the living, and that hereditary rule and privilege have no rational basis.

WJEC A-Level History 601-5817-7

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Europe in an Age of Conflict and Co-Operation c.1890-1991Period study

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The Mid Tudor Crisis in Wales and England c.1529-1570Depth study

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Royalty, Rebellion and Republic c.1625-1660Depth study

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Reform and Protest in Wales and England c.1783-1848Depth study

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Politics and Society in Wales and England c.1900-1939Depth study

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The Religious Reformation in Europe c.1500-1564Depth study

Topic overview The Church in Europe in 1500: power, wealth and daily life Criticism of the Church: anticlericalism, heresy and the humanists Indulgences, Tetzel and the Ninety-Five Theses From Leipzig to Worms: Luther's break with Rome The development of Lutheran doctrine The Knights' Revolt and the Peasants' War Zwingli, the radicals and division among the reformers Printing, princes and cities: the spread of Lutheranism The Augsburg Confession and the Schmalkaldic League Charles V, the Schmalkaldic War and the Peace of Augsburg Anabaptism and the Münster rebellion John Calvin, Geneva and the spread of Calvinism The Catholic revival: Paul III, the Inquisition and the Council of Trent Loyola, the Jesuits and the reforming orders

France in Revolution c.1774-1815Depth study

Topic overview The three estates: privilege and burden under the Ancien Régime Government, finance and the ideas of the philosophes Turgot, Necker and Calonne: the failure of reform The Assembly of Notables, the cahiers and the Estates General 1789: the National Assembly, the Bastille and the Great Fear The October Days and the reforms of the National Assembly The Church, refractory priests and the Constitution of 1791 Varennes, the Legislative Assembly and the coming of war The fall of the monarchy and the September Massacres The Convention, the execution of Louis and the Vendée The Terror: government, Robespierre and the factions Thermidor, the Directory and the rise of Bonaparte Napoleon's reforms as Consul and Emperor War, the Continental System and the fall of Napoleon

The Crisis of the American Republic c.1840-1877Depth study

Topic overview North and South: two societies by 1840 The institution of slavery in the South Manifest Destiny, the Mexican War and the Wilmot Proviso The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Law Abolitionism: Garrison, Stowe and John Brown The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas The Republican party and the Dred Scott decision Lincoln and the Lincoln-Douglas debates Harpers Ferry, the election of 1860 and secession The resources, commanders and strategy of North and South Campaigns, the home fronts and the defeat of the South Lincoln's war presidency and emancipation Johnson, Congress and the Reconstruction amendments Radical Reconstruction, the Klan and Redemption

Germany: Democracy and Dictatorship c.1918-1945Depth study

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Wales: Resistance, Conquest and Rebellion c.1240-1415Breadth study

Topic overview Welsh law and the legal system of the princes Society, the rural economy and the Church before 1282 The princes of Gwynedd and the road to 1282 The Edwardian conquest and settlement Resistance and rebellion 1294 to 1345 The Black Death and economic change in Wales Owain Glyndŵr and the revolt of 1400 Change and continuity in Wales 1240 to 1415

Poverty, Protest and Rebellion in Wales and England c.1485-1603Breadth study

Topic overview Population, inflation and the growth of poverty Enclosure and the consolidation of estates Charity, the towns and local schemes for relief The Church, the monasteries and the merchant classes Vagrancy, the sturdy beggar and punishment Government legislation from 1495 to the Poor Law of 1601 Change and continuity in the treatment of poverty Henry VII, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck Wales, Rhys ap Gruffydd and the marcher lordships The Henrician religious changes and the Pilgrimage of Grace The Western Rebellion and Kett's rebellion Lady Jane Grey and Wyatt's rebellion Mary Queen of Scots, the northern earls and the plots against Elizabeth The Essex rebellion and the changing pattern of rebellion

Reformation and Discovery: Europe c.1492-1610Breadth study

Topic overview The condition of the Catholic Church around 1500 Luther and the challenge to Rome The early reaction of the Catholic Church The spread of the Reformation in the 1520s and 1530s Zwingli, Calvin and the Reformed tradition The Council of Trent and the Counter-Reformation Religious war and schism in France, the Netherlands and central Europe Change and continuity in European religion 1500 to 1600 Motives for exploration and the role of monarchs The early explorers: Columbus, da Gama, Cabot and Magellan Spain, Portugal, England and the Netherlands overseas The Spanish Main, colonisation and indigenous peoples Merchants, science and the changing world 1492 to 1610

Royalty, Revolution and Restoration in Wales and England c.1603-1715Breadth study

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France: Ancien Régime to Napoleon c.1715-1815Breadth study

Topic overview The three estates and the structure of French society Absolutism, Versailles and the machinery of the state Taxation, finance and the fiscal crisis The Enlightenment and the challenge to authority From monarchy to republic 1789 to 1792 Terror, the sans-culottes and the Directory Napoleon: power, administration and the Concordat Society, economy and the balance sheet of the period

Parliamentary Reform and Protest in Wales and England c.1780-1885Breadth study

Topic overview The unreformed parliamentary system Early reform, the Younger Pitt and the French Revolution The London Corresponding Society and Pitt's repression Industrialisation, rural change and the Luddites Popular protest and repression 1815 to 1822 The Reform Bill crisis 1830 to 1832 The terms and impact of the 1832 Reform Act The Merthyr rising of 1831 Swing, rural protest and the Rebecca riots The aims and leaders of Chartism Chartist action, Newport and the failure of the movement Trade unionism from Robert Owen to the new model unions Public order, radical revival and the Second Reform Act Parliamentary reform 1872 to 1885 and change across the period

Social Change and Reform in Wales and England c.1890-1990Breadth study

Topic overview Education from the Welsh Intermediate Act to 1944 The working classes, poverty and the Liberal reforms c.1890-1914 Housing, health and welfare before 1939 The Depression in Wales and the National Government Beveridge, the welfare state and the 1945 government Affluence, poverty and unemployment 1951 to 1979 The Thatcher years 1979 to 1990 Women, the family and social change Consumer society, leisure and popular culture

The American Century c.1890-1990Breadth study

Topic overview Jim Crow and the erosion of Black freedom Civil rights from the New Deal to Truman Brown, Montgomery and non-violent protest King, Washington and the civil rights acts Black Power, the riots and the aftermath Civil rights after 1968 and the new South American imperialism and the road to world power Isolationism, the Second World War and the Cold War Détente, Reagan and the end of the Cold War

Changing Leadership and Society in Germany c.1871-1989Breadth study

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Changing Leadership and Society in Russia c.1881-1989Breadth study

Topic overview Alexander III and political reaction Opposition to Tsarism before 1914 The 1905 Revolution and the Duma 1917: from February to October Consolidating the Bolshevik revolution to 1924 Stalin's rise and the nature of Soviet government The planned economy: collectivisation and the Five Year Plans Russia and its people before 1914 Khrushchev, de-Stalinisation and reform Brezhnev, Andropov and stagnation Gorbachev, glasnost and perestroika Change and continuity in Russia 1881 to 1989

Reform and Protest in Wales and England c.1783-1848

Pitt, the French Revolution and the corresponding societies

3 things to know
AS Unit 2 and A2 Unit 4

Overview

Edmund Burke's argument against the French Revolution, london Corresponding Society and two Welshmen prominent in radical argument in this period.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why did Pitt abandon parliamentary reform after 1785?

Key term

How did opinion in Britain first react to the French Revolution in 1789?

Key term

Why was Paine's Rights of Man so alarming to the government?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Describe what the younger Pitt attempted to do about parliamentary representation in the 1780s.
Model answer
He brought forward proposals to disfranchise a number of decayed boroughs and transfer their seats to the counties and to London, but they were defeated in the Commons.
2
Why did Pitt abandon parliamentary reform after 1785?
Model answer
The Commons would not support it, the King disliked it, and Pitt would not risk his ministry on a measure that could not pass.
3
How did opinion in Britain first react to the French Revolution in 1789?
Model answer
Much of it was sympathetic, treating the fall of the Bastille as France catching up with British liberty.
4
Outline Edmund Burke's argument against the French Revolution.
Model answer
That society is an inherited partnership between the generations, that abstract rights are no basis for government, and that sweeping away established institutions would end in violence and military rule.
5
Summarise Thomas Paine's reply to Burke.
Model answer
That no generation can bind its successors, that government exists by the consent of the living, and that hereditary rule and privilege have no rational basis.
6
Why was Paine's Rights of Man so alarming to the government?
Model answer
It was written in plain language and sold cheaply in huge numbers, so radical argument reached artisans and labourers rather than staying among gentlemen.

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Government, Rebellion and Society in Wales and England c.1485-1603

Government, Revolution and Society in Wales and England c.1603-1715

Politics, Protest and Reform in Wales and England c.1780-1880

Politics, People and Progress: Wales and England c.1880-1980

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