Key term
CCEA A-Level History 4010
England 1509–58AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Church in England on the eve of the ReformationCriticism of the Church and the early reformersHenry VIII, Catherine of Aragon and the case for annulmentThe struggle for the divorce and the men who shaped itThe Reformation Parliament and the break with RomeOpposition to religious changeThe dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of GraceGovernment under Somerset and NorthumberlandRebellion in 1549: the Western Rising and Kett's rebellionMary I, female monarchy and the succession crisesWyatt's rebellionThe Edwardian religious reforms 1547–53The Marian restoration and the persecutionsEconomic and social problems of the period
England 1603–49AS Unit 1
Topic overviewJames I's Elizabethan inheritanceJames I, the Church of England and the PuritansJames I, the Catholics and the Gunpowder PlotThe financial problems of James IThe foreign policy of James IRoyal favourites and the politics of the courtCharles I, war and Parliament 1625–29The decision to rule without ParliamentFinancing the Personal RuleLaudianism and religious reform in the 1630sThe court culture of Charles IScotland, Ireland and the collapse of the Personal RuleThe Long Parliament and the outbreak of war 1640–42The campaigns and battles of the Civil WarWhy Parliament won the Civil WarThe search for a settlement 1646–49Radicalism, the Levellers and the ArmyThe regicide and the birth of the Commonwealth
Britain in the Age of Reform 1830–80AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe case for and against parliamentary reformThe passing of the Reform Act 1830–32The terms and consequences of the Reform ActThe Whig reforms of the 1830s and the impulse behind themThe New Poor Law of 1834The rise of ChartismThe People's Charter, Lovett and O'ConnorChartist methods and the reasons for failureThe Anti-Corn Law LeaguePeel and the making of the Conservative PartyPeel's ministry 1841–46The repeal of the Corn Laws and the split of 1846Disraeli and Tory DemocracyThe Second Reform Act of 1867Disraeli's ministry 1874–80Gladstone from Peelite to LiberalGladstone's first ministry 1868–74Gladstone and Disraeli as leaders
Italy and Germany 1815–71AS Unit 1
Topic overviewGerman nationalism, liberalism and cultural revival 1815–48Economic change, the Zollverein and Prussian prosperityThe 1848 revolutions in the German statesThe Frankfurt Parliament and the reasons for its failureOlmütz, army reform and the Prussian constitutional crisisBismarck's aims, methods and the debate about his roleSchleswig-Holstein and the Austro-Prussian WarThe North German Confederation and the southern German statesThe Franco-Prussian War and the proclamation of the German EmpireThe international climate and why Germany was unifiedItalian nationalism, culture and the ideas of the RisorgimentoThe 1848–49 revolutions in Italy and their failurePiedmont, Cavour's reforms and the war of 1859Garibaldi, the Thousand and his relations with CavourThe Papal States, Rome and why Italy was unified
Germany 1919–45AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Weimar Constitution and the Treaty of VersaillesPolitical threats from left and right 1919–23Reparations, the Ruhr and the hyperinflation of 1923The Weimar economy 1924–29Stresemann's foreign policy and the 'golden years'The Nazi Party from the Munich putsch to 1929The Wall Street Crash and the end of parliamentary governmentThe Nazi electoral breakthrough and Hitler's appointment as ChancellorThe creation of the Nazi dictatorship 1933–34Anti-Semitism and persecution 1933–39Youth, women and the churches 1933–39Schacht, Göring and the Nazi economy 1933–39Culture, the arts and the media in the Third ReichThe war economy: Todt, Speer and total warThe home front: rationing, bombing, labour and moraleOpposition and resistance in wartimeThe Holocaust: ghettos, Barbarossa, Wannsee and genocide
Spain and Europe 1556–98AS Unit 2
Topic overviewSpain in 1556 and the legacy of Charles VPhilip II's kingship and working methodsConciliar government, faction and the Pérez affairThe revolts of the Moriscos and of AragonThe Spanish economy in 1556 and the king's revenuesAgriculture, industry and commerce 1556–98Bullion, debt, inflation and the royal bankruptciesThe Spanish Church, Tridentine reform and the papacyThe Inquisition, Conversos, Jews and ProtestantsThe Spanish Empire and the aims of Philip II's foreign policyFrance, from Cateau-Cambrésis to VervinsThe Mediterranean war with the Turks and the annexation of PortugalThe Netherlands and the Dutch RevoltEngland, the sea dogs and the ArmadaPhilip II's Spain in 1598
The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe foundations of French power under Louis XIVThe War of Devolution 1667–68The Dutch War 1672–78 and the Treaties of NijmegenThe Reunions and the Truce of RatisbonThe League of Augsburg and the alarm of EuropeThe Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the quarrel with RomeThe Cologne incident and the outbreak of the Nine Years' WarFrench successes in the Nine Years' WarAllied successes and the stalemate of the Nine Years' WarThe Peace of Ryswick 1697The Partition Treaties and the Spanish succession problemLouis XIV's acceptance of the will and the road to warMarlborough and the great battles of the warWhy the Grand Alliance won and France failedUtrecht, Rastatt and Europe after 1714
Ireland 1823–67AS Unit 2
Topic overviewO'Connell and the Catholic AssociationThe Clare election and Catholic EmancipationThe impact of Emancipation and the Tithe WarThe Lichfield House CompactThe Repeal Association and the monster meetingsClontarf and the failure of RepealPeel's Irish reformsYoung Ireland and the split with O'ConnellThe rising of 1848The long-term causes of the FamineThe course and extent of the FaminePeel, Russell and famine relief 1845–49The consequences of the Famine to 1867The origins, leadership and aims of the FeniansThe Fenian Rising of 1867
France 1815–70AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe restoration of the Bourbons and the Charter of 1814Louis XVIII: the White Terror, moderation and the turn to the rightCharles X, the ultras and the ChurchEconomy, society and culture in France 1815–48The July revolution of 1830 and the fall of Charles XLouis Philippe, Guizot and the bourgeois monarchyOpposition to Louis PhilippeLouis Philippe's foreign policyThe banquet campaign and the February revolution of 1848The Second Republic: the National Workshops and the June DaysThe presidency of Louis Napoleon 1848–51The coup of 1851 and the making of the Second EmpireThe authoritarian Empire and its liberalisationEconomic modernisation, Haussmann's Paris and social changeNapoleon III's foreign policy and the collapse of 1870
Russia 1914–41AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe impact of the First World War on RussiaNicholas II, the Tsarina and RasputinThe February Revolution and the abdication of the TsarThe Provisional Government, the Petrograd Soviet and dual authorityLenin, the April Theses and the road to OctoberThe October Revolution and the consolidation of Bolshevik powerThe Civil War and the Bolshevik victory 1918–21Lenin's economic policies 1917–24Society and culture under LeninThe struggle to succeed Lenin 1924–29Collectivisation and the peasantryIndustrialisation and the Five Year PlansThe social impact of Stalin's economic policiesTerror and the purges 1934–39Culture, propaganda and the cult of personality
Italy's Quest for Great Power Status 1871–1943AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe aims and challenges of Italian foreign policy after 1871Colonisation in Africa: Tunisia, Eritrea, Abyssinia and LibyaThe Triple Alliance and relations with the Great PowersGiolitti and Italy's internal divisionsFrom neutrality to intervention 1914–15Italy's war 1915–18 and its impact at homeThe mutilated victory, the peace settlement and FiumeThe crisis of the Liberal state and the Biennio RossoThe rise of the Fascist movement 1919–22The March on Rome and Mussolini's appointmentThe consolidation of Fascist power 1922–26The aims of Fascist foreign policy and the years 1922–34Abyssinia and the Spanish Civil WarItaly, Germany and the road to war 1935–40Defeat and the fall of Mussolini 1940–43
Crown and Parliament in England 1625–1714A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewThe powers of Crown and Parliament in 1625The breakdown under Charles I 1625–40The Constitutional Revolution 1640–42Civil war, regicide and the republican interludeThe Restoration Settlement 1660–62The Clarendon Code and religion after 1660Charles II, finance and dependence on FranceThe Exclusion Crisis and the emergence of partiesCharles II's personal rule 1681–85James II's assault on Parliament and the corporationsCatholicising policies and the fear of absolutismThe causes of the Glorious RevolutionThe Revolution Settlement of 1689War, the financial revolution and the power of the purseThe Triennial Act, the Act of Settlement and the independence of the judgesParty, the Crown and Parliament under AnneFinance, religion and foreign policy across the periodHow far had a constitutional monarchy been created by 1714?
Ireland Under the Union 1800–1900A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Protestant ascendancy and the supporters of the UnionThe power of the Irish landlordThe decline of the landlords and the land legislation from 1870Industrialisation in Ulster across the centuryUlster and Southern unionism from 1885The Protestant Churches and support for the UnionThe Catholic Church and the growth of nationalismConstitutional nationalism from Grattan to EmancipationO'Connell after 1829: reform, repeal and the limits of moral forceButt, Parnell and the Irish Parliamentary PartyDavitt, the Land League and the New DepartureRevolutionary nationalism 1803–67 comparedCultural nationalism from Davis to the Gaelic RevivalThe British government's response 1800–1900Ireland's social and economic transformation across the century
The Causes and Consequences of Great Power Conflict 1848–1945A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewThe legacy of 1848 and German unification by forceBismarck's alliance system and Germany's relations with its neighboursThe Eastern Question and the decline of the Ottoman EmpireBosnia, the Balkan Wars and Serbian ambitionKaiser William II, Weltpolitik and the naval race with BritainThe armed camps: the Dual Alliance and the Franco-Russian allianceImperial, economic and nationalist rivalry by 1914Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the July crisis of 1914The Paris peace settlement and its consequencesThe League of Nations, American isolationism and the challenge from JapanThe isolation of the USSR and its consequencesThe Depression and the rise of the dictatorsHitler's aggressive foreign policy 1933–39Appeasement and its failureEurope in 1945
The American Presidency 1901–2000A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewTheodore Roosevelt and the revival of the presidencyWoodrow Wilson: reform at home and war abroadLaissez-faire, the boom and the Wall Street CrashThe Hundred Days and the New Deal agenciesOpposition to the New Deal and the court-packing planThe New Deal, the Second World War and American recoveryTruman, containment and the national security stateEisenhower, Kennedy and the imperial presidencyJohnson, civil rights and the Great SocietyVietnam and the limits of presidential powerNixon, détente and the opening to ChinaWatergate and the fall of NixonFord, Carter and the weakened presidencyReagan: recovery, rearmament and Iran-ContraBush, Clinton and the changing power of the presidency
Clash of Ideologies in Europe 1900–2000A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewTsarist foreign policy 1900–17Lenin's foreign policy and the western response 1917–24Soviet foreign policy and the West 1924–33Collective security and the failure of the West 1933–39The Nazi-Soviet Pact and its consequencesThe Grand Alliance and the impact of the war on the USSRYalta, Potsdam and the post-war settlementThe breakdown of the Grand Alliance and Soviet control in Eastern EuropeContainment, the Berlin blockade and NATO 1947–55Khrushchev, peaceful coexistence and control in Eastern Europe 1956–64Brezhnev, Czechoslovakia and the Brezhnev DoctrineDétente, SALT and the western response 1964–79Afghanistan and the second Cold War 1979–85Gorbachev, the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet blocSuccess and failure in Soviet foreign policy 1917–91
England 1558–1603A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewElizabeth I's character, inheritance and the succession questionThe Elizabethan myth: Gloriana and the Virgin QueenThe Court, the Privy Council and the royal favouritesPatronage, faction and Elizabeth I's leading ministersElizabeth I and her ParliamentsThe religious settlement of 1559The Puritan challenge and Elizabeth I's responseThe Catholic threat, the missionary priests and recusancyMary, Queen of Scots in EnglandThe Northern Earls and the Catholic plotsRelations with France, Scotland and the NetherlandsIreland and the Nine Years' WarSpain, the Armada and the war at seaPopulation, prices and the Elizabethan economySocial structure, social mobility and the problem of poverty
Ireland 1685–1714A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewIreland in 1685: land, church and the two communitiesJames II, Tyrconnell and the Catholicisation of IrelandThe remodelling of the army, the judiciary and the corporationsThe land settlement and Protestant fears in IrelandJames II's first year in England: support, opposition and rebellionJames II's pro-Catholic policies in EnglandOpposition in England and the causes of the Glorious RevolutionThe outbreak of war and the Siege of DerryThe Patriot Parliament and the campaign of 1689The Battle of the BoyneFrom the Boyne to Aughrim: Limerick, Cork and AthloneThe Battle of AughrimThe second siege of Limerick and the TreatyThe penal lawsThe Protestant Ascendancy, Molyneux and the Union of 1707
Ireland 1778–1803A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewMolyneux, Swift and the Patriot traditionThe American War and the rise of the VolunteersThe Free Trade campaign and the Constitution of 1782The decline of the Volunteers by 1789Grattan's Parliament and the Castle executiveHenry Grattan and Henry FloodIreland's economy and commerce 1782–1800The Catholic Relief Acts and the Fitzwilliam episodeThe French Revolution and the United IrishmenWolfe Tone and the alliance with FranceThe Defenders, the Orange Order and sectarianism in UlsterGovernment repression in the 1790sThe 1798 RebellionThe making of the Act of UnionEmmet's rebellion of 1803
Partition of Ireland 1900–25A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewIrish politics and the Liberal victory of 1906The elections of 1910 and the parliamentary balanceThe Third Home Rule Bill and Ulster's responseSouthern Unionism and the Conservative allianceThe Home Rule Act and the crisis of September 1914Ireland and the First World War 1914–16The causes of the Easter RisingThe Rising and its aftermathThe rise of Sinn Féin and the election of 1918The Anglo-Irish War 1919–21The Government of Ireland Act 1920 and partitionThe Truce and the Anglo-Irish TreatyThe Treaty debates and the Irish Civil WarThe new state of Northern Ireland 1921–25Craig's government and the Boundary Commission
Ireland 1823–67
- 15 subtopics
- 45 things to know
- AS Unit 2
- AS Unit 2, one option of six
What Ireland 1823–67 covers
Ireland 1823–67 is examined in Unit AS 2, Historical Conflict and Change — the option chosen from six. A student taking this option may not also take A2 1 Option 2: Ireland Under the Union 1800–1900. It covers O'Connell and the Catholic Association, the Clare election and Catholic Emancipation, the impact of Emancipation and the Tithe War, the Lichfield House Compact, the Repeal Association and the monster meetings, Clontarf and the failure of Repeal, Peel's Irish reforms, young Ireland and the split with O'Connell, the rising of 1848, the long-term causes of the Famine, the course and extent of the Famine, Peel, Russell and famine relief 1845–49, the consequences of the Famine to 1867, the origins, leadership and aims of the Fenians and the Fenian Rising of 1867.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 2
Historical Conflict and Change, one option of six.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 15 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- O'Connell and the Catholic AssociationAssociation's central aim and catholic rent.Open →
- The Clare election and Catholic EmancipationResult of the Clare election and striking about the conduct of the Clare campaign.Open →
- The impact of Emancipation and the Tithe WarThe disfranchisement of the forty-shilling freeholders, resistance to tithe, and O'Connell's response to Whig reform.Open →
- The Lichfield House CompactLichfield House Compact and two reforms of the Whig years that benefited Irish Catholics.Open →
- The Repeal Association and the monster meetingsRepeal arbitration courts, council of Three Hundred and monster meeting.Open →
- Clontarf and the failure of RepealThe monster meetings of 1843, the banning of Clontarf, O'Connell's trial and the reasons repeal failed where Emancipation succeeded.Open →
- Peel's Irish reformsThe Charitable Bequests Act, the Maynooth grant, the Queen's Colleges and the Devon Commission.Open →
- Young Ireland and the split with O'ConnellNationalism did Thomas Davis preach, three leading Young Irelanders besides Davis and Duffy and distinctive about William Smith O'Brien.Open →
- The rising of 1848Treason Felony Act and affair at Ballingarry.Open →
- The long-term causes of the FamineWrong with the tenure of the ordinary Irish tenant and ulster custom.Open →
- The course and extent of the FamineThe arrival of the blight, the successive failures of the potato crop, disease and mortality, and eviction and emigration.Open →
- Peel, Russell and famine relief 1845–49The Indian corn purchase and the Relief Commission, the public works, the soup kitchens and the shift of the burden onto the Irish poor rates.Open →
- The consequences of the Famine to 1867Demographic legacy of the Famine, devotional revolution and irish Tenant League.Open →
- The origins, leadership and aims of the FeniansFenian Brotherhood, irish People and significance of the MacManus funeral.Open →
- The Fenian Rising of 1867Erin's Hope, clerkenwell explosion and political significance of the Fenian Rising despite its failure.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
How was the tithe grievance finally settled?
Key term
What economic case did the Repealers make against the Union?
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What was the Council of Three Hundred?
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How did the Confederation itself divide?
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Give three other reasons for the failure of the rising.
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What part did middlemen and absentee landlords play?
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Why was there so little alternative employment?
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Why is 1847 remembered as Black '47?
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How did the repeal of the Corn Laws relate to the Famine?
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Why were the public works so ineffective?
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Why is the soup kitchen scheme regarded as the most successful measure?
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What was the demographic legacy of the Famine?
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How well did the Encumbered Estates Act work?
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What became of the Independent Irish Party?
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Who joined the Fenians in Ireland?
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What was the attitude of the Catholic Church to Fenianism?
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How did the British government respond to the growth of Fenianism?
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Why did the Fenians get so little support from the farming population?
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What happened at Manchester in September 1867?
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Why was O'Connell's decision to stand in Clare so provocative?
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What was the Lichfield House Compact?
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Why did British governments treat Repeal differently from Emancipation?
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What did the Devon Commission recommend?
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Who founded the Catholic Association, and when?
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What was the result of the Clare election?
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Why did Emancipation disappoint many Irish Catholics?
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Why did the Whigs need the agreement?
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How did the government act against Repeal supporters in office?
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What became of the Devon Commission's recommendation?
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When was The Nation founded, and by whom?
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How did the French revolution of 1848 affect Irish opinion?
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What caused the potato failure?
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What was the Association's central aim?
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What was striking about the conduct of the Clare campaign?
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How strong was O'Connell's parliamentary following after the Reform Act?
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What did Drummond mean by telling the Tipperary magistrates that property has its duties?
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When was the Loyal National Repeal Association founded?
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What military preparations did the government make in 1843?
Who and when
What did Peel do about Maynooth in 1845?
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Why was The Nation so influential?
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What happened to John Mitchel?
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How was land held by the poorest classes before the Famine?
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When was the blight first reported in Ireland?
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Why did Stephens lose the leadership of the movement?
Take Ireland 1823–67 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
The Lichfield House Compact vs The peace resolutions
The Lichfield House Compact: the 1835 bargain with an English party for reform. The peace resolutions: the 1846 demand for a disavowal of force that split the movement.
The Queen's Colleges vs Maynooth
The Queen's Colleges: the non-denominational university scheme condemned by most bishops. Maynooth: the Catholic seminary whose grant was increased in the same year.
The Irish Republican Brotherhood vs The Fenian Brotherhood
The Irish Republican Brotherhood: the oath-bound organisation founded in Dublin. The Fenian Brotherhood: its American counterpart, which supplied the money, the officers and the name.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Who founded the Catholic Association, and when?
Model answer
Daniel O'Connell founded the Catholic Association in Dublin in May 1823, with Richard Lalor Sheil as his chief associate.
- 2
What was the Association's central aim?
Model answer
The Association aimed at Catholic Emancipation, meaning the right of Catholics to sit in Parliament and to hold the highest offices of state, from which the Relief Act of 1793 had still excluded them.
- 3
What was the Catholic rent?
Model answer
The Catholic rent was a subscription of a penny a month from associate members, introduced in 1824, which allowed the poorest Catholics to belong to the Association.
- 4
How much did the Catholic rent raise at its height?
Model answer
Collections reached about £1,000 a week by 1825, giving the Association funds unlike anything a popular movement in Ireland had commanded before.
- 5
What part did the Catholic clergy play in the Association?
Model answer
Parish priests were made members without payment, organised the collection of the rent at chapel doors and presided at meetings, which gave the Association a ready-made national structure in every parish.
- 6
Why was the involvement of the priests so important to O'Connell's method?
Model answer
The priests gave the movement respectability, discipline and reach into the countryside, and they could turn a scattered peasantry into an organised electorate without any recourse to violence.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Ireland 1823–67 revision questions
- What does Ireland 1823–67 cover in CCEA A-Level History?
- 15 subtopics: o'connell and the catholic association, the clare election and catholic emancipation, the impact of emancipation and the tithe war, the lichfield house compact, the repeal association and the monster meetings, clontarf and the failure of repeal, peel's irish reforms, young ireland and the split with o'connell, the rising of 1848, the long-term causes of the famine, the course and extent of the famine, peel, russell and famine relief 1845–49, the consequences of the famine to 1867, the origins, leadership and aims of the fenians and the fenian rising of 1867. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Ireland 1823–67 organised?
- By the CCEA 4010 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Ireland 1823–67, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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