Key term
CCEA A-Level History 4010
England 1509–58AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Church in England on the eve of the ReformationCriticism of the Church and the early reformersHenry VIII, Catherine of Aragon and the case for annulmentThe struggle for the divorce and the men who shaped itThe Reformation Parliament and the break with RomeOpposition to religious changeThe dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of GraceGovernment under Somerset and NorthumberlandRebellion in 1549: the Western Rising and Kett's rebellionMary I, female monarchy and the succession crisesWyatt's rebellionThe Edwardian religious reforms 1547–53The Marian restoration and the persecutionsEconomic and social problems of the period
England 1603–49AS Unit 1
Topic overviewJames I's Elizabethan inheritanceJames I, the Church of England and the PuritansJames I, the Catholics and the Gunpowder PlotThe financial problems of James IThe foreign policy of James IRoyal favourites and the politics of the courtCharles I, war and Parliament 1625–29The decision to rule without ParliamentFinancing the Personal RuleLaudianism and religious reform in the 1630sThe court culture of Charles IScotland, Ireland and the collapse of the Personal RuleThe Long Parliament and the outbreak of war 1640–42The campaigns and battles of the Civil WarWhy Parliament won the Civil WarThe search for a settlement 1646–49Radicalism, the Levellers and the ArmyThe regicide and the birth of the Commonwealth
Britain in the Age of Reform 1830–80AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe case for and against parliamentary reformThe passing of the Reform Act 1830–32The terms and consequences of the Reform ActThe Whig reforms of the 1830s and the impulse behind themThe New Poor Law of 1834The rise of ChartismThe People's Charter, Lovett and O'ConnorChartist methods and the reasons for failureThe Anti-Corn Law LeaguePeel and the making of the Conservative PartyPeel's ministry 1841–46The repeal of the Corn Laws and the split of 1846Disraeli and Tory DemocracyThe Second Reform Act of 1867Disraeli's ministry 1874–80Gladstone from Peelite to LiberalGladstone's first ministry 1868–74Gladstone and Disraeli as leaders
Italy and Germany 1815–71AS Unit 1
Topic overviewGerman nationalism, liberalism and cultural revival 1815–48Economic change, the Zollverein and Prussian prosperityThe 1848 revolutions in the German statesThe Frankfurt Parliament and the reasons for its failureOlmütz, army reform and the Prussian constitutional crisisBismarck's aims, methods and the debate about his roleSchleswig-Holstein and the Austro-Prussian WarThe North German Confederation and the southern German statesThe Franco-Prussian War and the proclamation of the German EmpireThe international climate and why Germany was unifiedItalian nationalism, culture and the ideas of the RisorgimentoThe 1848–49 revolutions in Italy and their failurePiedmont, Cavour's reforms and the war of 1859Garibaldi, the Thousand and his relations with CavourThe Papal States, Rome and why Italy was unified
Germany 1919–45AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Weimar Constitution and the Treaty of VersaillesPolitical threats from left and right 1919–23Reparations, the Ruhr and the hyperinflation of 1923The Weimar economy 1924–29Stresemann's foreign policy and the 'golden years'The Nazi Party from the Munich putsch to 1929The Wall Street Crash and the end of parliamentary governmentThe Nazi electoral breakthrough and Hitler's appointment as ChancellorThe creation of the Nazi dictatorship 1933–34Anti-Semitism and persecution 1933–39Youth, women and the churches 1933–39Schacht, Göring and the Nazi economy 1933–39Culture, the arts and the media in the Third ReichThe war economy: Todt, Speer and total warThe home front: rationing, bombing, labour and moraleOpposition and resistance in wartimeThe Holocaust: ghettos, Barbarossa, Wannsee and genocide
Spain and Europe 1556–98AS Unit 2
Topic overviewSpain in 1556 and the legacy of Charles VPhilip II's kingship and working methodsConciliar government, faction and the Pérez affairThe revolts of the Moriscos and of AragonThe Spanish economy in 1556 and the king's revenuesAgriculture, industry and commerce 1556–98Bullion, debt, inflation and the royal bankruptciesThe Spanish Church, Tridentine reform and the papacyThe Inquisition, Conversos, Jews and ProtestantsThe Spanish Empire and the aims of Philip II's foreign policyFrance, from Cateau-Cambrésis to VervinsThe Mediterranean war with the Turks and the annexation of PortugalThe Netherlands and the Dutch RevoltEngland, the sea dogs and the ArmadaPhilip II's Spain in 1598
The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe foundations of French power under Louis XIVThe War of Devolution 1667–68The Dutch War 1672–78 and the Treaties of NijmegenThe Reunions and the Truce of RatisbonThe League of Augsburg and the alarm of EuropeThe Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the quarrel with RomeThe Cologne incident and the outbreak of the Nine Years' WarFrench successes in the Nine Years' WarAllied successes and the stalemate of the Nine Years' WarThe Peace of Ryswick 1697The Partition Treaties and the Spanish succession problemLouis XIV's acceptance of the will and the road to warMarlborough and the great battles of the warWhy the Grand Alliance won and France failedUtrecht, Rastatt and Europe after 1714
Ireland 1823–67AS Unit 2
Topic overviewO'Connell and the Catholic AssociationThe Clare election and Catholic EmancipationThe impact of Emancipation and the Tithe WarThe Lichfield House CompactThe Repeal Association and the monster meetingsClontarf and the failure of RepealPeel's Irish reformsYoung Ireland and the split with O'ConnellThe rising of 1848The long-term causes of the FamineThe course and extent of the FaminePeel, Russell and famine relief 1845–49The consequences of the Famine to 1867The origins, leadership and aims of the FeniansThe Fenian Rising of 1867
France 1815–70AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe restoration of the Bourbons and the Charter of 1814Louis XVIII: the White Terror, moderation and the turn to the rightCharles X, the ultras and the ChurchEconomy, society and culture in France 1815–48The July revolution of 1830 and the fall of Charles XLouis Philippe, Guizot and the bourgeois monarchyOpposition to Louis PhilippeLouis Philippe's foreign policyThe banquet campaign and the February revolution of 1848The Second Republic: the National Workshops and the June DaysThe presidency of Louis Napoleon 1848–51The coup of 1851 and the making of the Second EmpireThe authoritarian Empire and its liberalisationEconomic modernisation, Haussmann's Paris and social changeNapoleon III's foreign policy and the collapse of 1870
Russia 1914–41AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe impact of the First World War on RussiaNicholas II, the Tsarina and RasputinThe February Revolution and the abdication of the TsarThe Provisional Government, the Petrograd Soviet and dual authorityLenin, the April Theses and the road to OctoberThe October Revolution and the consolidation of Bolshevik powerThe Civil War and the Bolshevik victory 1918–21Lenin's economic policies 1917–24Society and culture under LeninThe struggle to succeed Lenin 1924–29Collectivisation and the peasantryIndustrialisation and the Five Year PlansThe social impact of Stalin's economic policiesTerror and the purges 1934–39Culture, propaganda and the cult of personality
Italy's Quest for Great Power Status 1871–1943AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe aims and challenges of Italian foreign policy after 1871Colonisation in Africa: Tunisia, Eritrea, Abyssinia and LibyaThe Triple Alliance and relations with the Great PowersGiolitti and Italy's internal divisionsFrom neutrality to intervention 1914–15Italy's war 1915–18 and its impact at homeThe mutilated victory, the peace settlement and FiumeThe crisis of the Liberal state and the Biennio RossoThe rise of the Fascist movement 1919–22The March on Rome and Mussolini's appointmentThe consolidation of Fascist power 1922–26The aims of Fascist foreign policy and the years 1922–34Abyssinia and the Spanish Civil WarItaly, Germany and the road to war 1935–40Defeat and the fall of Mussolini 1940–43
Crown and Parliament in England 1625–1714A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewThe powers of Crown and Parliament in 1625The breakdown under Charles I 1625–40The Constitutional Revolution 1640–42Civil war, regicide and the republican interludeThe Restoration Settlement 1660–62The Clarendon Code and religion after 1660Charles II, finance and dependence on FranceThe Exclusion Crisis and the emergence of partiesCharles II's personal rule 1681–85James II's assault on Parliament and the corporationsCatholicising policies and the fear of absolutismThe causes of the Glorious RevolutionThe Revolution Settlement of 1689War, the financial revolution and the power of the purseThe Triennial Act, the Act of Settlement and the independence of the judgesParty, the Crown and Parliament under AnneFinance, religion and foreign policy across the periodHow far had a constitutional monarchy been created by 1714?
Ireland Under the Union 1800–1900A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Protestant ascendancy and the supporters of the UnionThe power of the Irish landlordThe decline of the landlords and the land legislation from 1870Industrialisation in Ulster across the centuryUlster and Southern unionism from 1885The Protestant Churches and support for the UnionThe Catholic Church and the growth of nationalismConstitutional nationalism from Grattan to EmancipationO'Connell after 1829: reform, repeal and the limits of moral forceButt, Parnell and the Irish Parliamentary PartyDavitt, the Land League and the New DepartureRevolutionary nationalism 1803–67 comparedCultural nationalism from Davis to the Gaelic RevivalThe British government's response 1800–1900Ireland's social and economic transformation across the century
The Causes and Consequences of Great Power Conflict 1848–1945A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewThe legacy of 1848 and German unification by forceBismarck's alliance system and Germany's relations with its neighboursThe Eastern Question and the decline of the Ottoman EmpireBosnia, the Balkan Wars and Serbian ambitionKaiser William II, Weltpolitik and the naval race with BritainThe armed camps: the Dual Alliance and the Franco-Russian allianceImperial, economic and nationalist rivalry by 1914Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the July crisis of 1914The Paris peace settlement and its consequencesThe League of Nations, American isolationism and the challenge from JapanThe isolation of the USSR and its consequencesThe Depression and the rise of the dictatorsHitler's aggressive foreign policy 1933–39Appeasement and its failureEurope in 1945
The American Presidency 1901–2000A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewTheodore Roosevelt and the revival of the presidencyWoodrow Wilson: reform at home and war abroadLaissez-faire, the boom and the Wall Street CrashThe Hundred Days and the New Deal agenciesOpposition to the New Deal and the court-packing planThe New Deal, the Second World War and American recoveryTruman, containment and the national security stateEisenhower, Kennedy and the imperial presidencyJohnson, civil rights and the Great SocietyVietnam and the limits of presidential powerNixon, détente and the opening to ChinaWatergate and the fall of NixonFord, Carter and the weakened presidencyReagan: recovery, rearmament and Iran-ContraBush, Clinton and the changing power of the presidency
Clash of Ideologies in Europe 1900–2000A2 Unit 1
Topic overviewTsarist foreign policy 1900–17Lenin's foreign policy and the western response 1917–24Soviet foreign policy and the West 1924–33Collective security and the failure of the West 1933–39The Nazi-Soviet Pact and its consequencesThe Grand Alliance and the impact of the war on the USSRYalta, Potsdam and the post-war settlementThe breakdown of the Grand Alliance and Soviet control in Eastern EuropeContainment, the Berlin blockade and NATO 1947–55Khrushchev, peaceful coexistence and control in Eastern Europe 1956–64Brezhnev, Czechoslovakia and the Brezhnev DoctrineDétente, SALT and the western response 1964–79Afghanistan and the second Cold War 1979–85Gorbachev, the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet blocSuccess and failure in Soviet foreign policy 1917–91
England 1558–1603A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewElizabeth I's character, inheritance and the succession questionThe Elizabethan myth: Gloriana and the Virgin QueenThe Court, the Privy Council and the royal favouritesPatronage, faction and Elizabeth I's leading ministersElizabeth I and her ParliamentsThe religious settlement of 1559The Puritan challenge and Elizabeth I's responseThe Catholic threat, the missionary priests and recusancyMary, Queen of Scots in EnglandThe Northern Earls and the Catholic plotsRelations with France, Scotland and the NetherlandsIreland and the Nine Years' WarSpain, the Armada and the war at seaPopulation, prices and the Elizabethan economySocial structure, social mobility and the problem of poverty
Ireland 1685–1714A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewIreland in 1685: land, church and the two communitiesJames II, Tyrconnell and the Catholicisation of IrelandThe remodelling of the army, the judiciary and the corporationsThe land settlement and Protestant fears in IrelandJames II's first year in England: support, opposition and rebellionJames II's pro-Catholic policies in EnglandOpposition in England and the causes of the Glorious RevolutionThe outbreak of war and the Siege of DerryThe Patriot Parliament and the campaign of 1689The Battle of the BoyneFrom the Boyne to Aughrim: Limerick, Cork and AthloneThe Battle of AughrimThe second siege of Limerick and the TreatyThe penal lawsThe Protestant Ascendancy, Molyneux and the Union of 1707
Ireland 1778–1803A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewMolyneux, Swift and the Patriot traditionThe American War and the rise of the VolunteersThe Free Trade campaign and the Constitution of 1782The decline of the Volunteers by 1789Grattan's Parliament and the Castle executiveHenry Grattan and Henry FloodIreland's economy and commerce 1782–1800The Catholic Relief Acts and the Fitzwilliam episodeThe French Revolution and the United IrishmenWolfe Tone and the alliance with FranceThe Defenders, the Orange Order and sectarianism in UlsterGovernment repression in the 1790sThe 1798 RebellionThe making of the Act of UnionEmmet's rebellion of 1803
Partition of Ireland 1900–25A2 Unit 2
Topic overviewIrish politics and the Liberal victory of 1906The elections of 1910 and the parliamentary balanceThe Third Home Rule Bill and Ulster's responseSouthern Unionism and the Conservative allianceThe Home Rule Act and the crisis of September 1914Ireland and the First World War 1914–16The causes of the Easter RisingThe Rising and its aftermathThe rise of Sinn Féin and the election of 1918The Anglo-Irish War 1919–21The Government of Ireland Act 1920 and partitionThe Truce and the Anglo-Irish TreatyThe Treaty debates and the Irish Civil WarThe new state of Northern Ireland 1921–25Craig's government and the Boundary Commission
The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714
- 15 subtopics
- 45 things to know
- AS Unit 2
- AS Unit 2, one option of six
What The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714 covers
The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714 is examined in Unit AS 2, Historical Conflict and Change — the option chosen from six. It covers the foundations of French power under Louis XIV, the War of Devolution 1667–68, the Dutch War 1672–78 and the Treaties of Nijmegen, the Reunions and the Truce of Ratisbon, the League of Augsburg and the alarm of Europe, the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the quarrel with Rome, the Cologne incident and the outbreak of the Nine Years' War, French successes in the Nine Years' War, allied successes and the stalemate of the Nine Years' War, the Peace of Ryswick 1697, the Partition Treaties and the Spanish succession problem, Louis XIV's acceptance of the will and the road to war, Marlborough and the great battles of the war, why the Grand Alliance won and France failed and Utrecht, Rastatt and Europe after 1714.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 2
Historical Conflict and Change, one option of six.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 15 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The foundations of French power under Louis XIVAims of Colbert's economic policy, three of Colbert's measures to build French commerce and three of the marshals who won France's early victories.Open →
- The War of Devolution 1667–68The claim advanced through Maria Theresa, the campaign in the Spanish Netherlands, the Triple Alliance and Aix-la-Chapelle.Open →
- The Dutch War 1672–78 and the Treaties of NijmegenThe isolation of the Republic, the breaching of the dykes and the fall of De Witt, and the terms France secured at Nijmegen.Open →
- The Reunions and the Truce of RatisbonThe chambers of reunion, the seizure of Strasbourg and Luxembourg, and the twenty-year truce of 1684.Open →
- The League of Augsburg and the alarm of EuropeEmperor's aim in joining the League, chief weakness of the League of Augsburg and william of Orange doing in these years.Open →
- The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the quarrel with RomeForbidden to ordinary Huguenots by the Revocation and dispute over the régale.Open →
- The Cologne incident and the outbreak of the Nine Years' WarThe disputed election at Cologne, the invasion and devastation of the Palatinate and the formation of the Grand Alliance.Open →
- French successes in the Nine Years' WarTwo further French battlefield victories in the Netherlands, most celebrated French siege of the war and france's strongest card at the end of the war.Open →
- Allied successes and the stalemate of the Nine Years' WarThe recovery of Namur, the war at sea after La Hougue, and the exhaustion that brought both sides to terms.Open →
- The Peace of Ryswick 1697What France surrendered and what it kept, the recognition of William III, and how far the terms matched the fighting.Open →
- The Partition Treaties and the Spanish succession problemThe claimants to the Spanish inheritance, the terms of the two treaties and the reasons they failed.Open →
- Louis XIV's acceptance of the will and the road to warLouis XIV's blunder on the death of James II and series of misjudgements Louis XIV made after accepting the will.Open →
- Marlborough and the great battles of the warThree consequences of the battle of Blenheim, consequences of Ramillies and achieved in Italy in the same year as Ramillies.Open →
- Why the Grand Alliance won and France failedAllied finance and the Bank of England, Marlborough and Eugene as commanders, and the exhaustion of France by war, famine and debt.Open →
- Utrecht, Rastatt and Europe after 1714The partition of the Spanish empire, Britain's gains including the asiento, and the balance of power France was left with.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What was the growing diplomatic position of France in the 1660s?
Key term
How bitter had the quarrel with Innocent XI become by 1688?
Evaluation
How far was Louis XIV himself responsible for the Nine Years' War?
Key term
What were the aims of the Grand Alliance in 1701?
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Name the series of misjudgements Louis XIV made after accepting the will.
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How did the loss of allies weaken France?
Numbers
Which event in 1665 gave Louis XIV his opportunity?
Key term
Give three causes of Louis XIV's war on the Dutch in 1672.
Numbers
What was the policy of the Reunions?
Who and when
Who were the members of the League of Augsburg?
Numbers
Which French marshal dominated the fighting in the Netherlands?
Numbers
What was the outstanding allied military achievement of the war?
Numbers
When and where was the peace ending the Nine Years' War made?
Key term
Why was the Spanish succession a European problem?
Key term
What command did Marlborough hold, and what constrained him?
Numbers
Where and when was the main peace settlement of the war signed?
Numbers
Describe the French campaign of 1667.
Numbers
How did Colbert's tariffs contribute to the war?
Key term
How did the Chambers of Reunion work?
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What was the Emperor's aim in joining the League?
Numbers
What had the Edict of Nantes granted?
Key term
How was the Cologne election settled?
Numbers
What happened at Fleurus in 1690?
Numbers
How did the allies secure command of the sea?
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What territory did France give up at Ryswick?
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On what did the French claim to the Spanish inheritance rest?
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What happened at Blenheim in August 1704?
Numbers
How did allied naval power contribute to victory?
Key term
What was settled about the two crowns of France and Spain?
Evaluation
What advantages of size did France enjoy over its rivals in 1660?
Numbers
What did Condé achieve in the winter of 1668?
Numbers
Describe the French advance of 1672.
Numbers
What did Louis XIV seize in 1681?
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Why did Spain join the League of Augsburg?
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How was Huguenot life restricted before 1685?
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What ultimatum did Louis XIV issue in September 1688?
Numbers
Name two further French battlefield victories in the Netherlands.
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How did the allies use their naval power against France?
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What did France keep at Ryswick?
Who and when
Who was Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria?
Numbers
What did Louis XIV do when the will of Carlos II was read?
Key term
State three consequences of the battle of Blenheim.
Key term
How did finance decide the outcome of the war?
Key term
What did Britain gain in Europe at Utrecht?
Take The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
The War of Devolution vs The Dutch War
The War of Devolution: a short campaign of 1667 to 1668 for the Spanish Netherlands, closed by a settlement of fortress towns. The Dutch War: a six-year general war begun in 1672 to punish a republic and ended at Nijmegen.
The Triple Alliance of 1668 vs The Grand Alliance of 1689
The Triple Alliance of 1668: a temporary diplomatic combination that halted a campaign without fighting. The Grand Alliance of 1689: a wartime coalition formed to force France back to earlier frontiers.
The Reunions vs The Truce of Ratisbon
The Reunions: the legal process by which territory was annexed in peacetime. The Truce of Ratisbon: the twenty-year agreement by which the victims accepted possession without conceding right.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
When did Louis XIV begin to rule for himself, and what did he decide about ministers?
Model answer
Louis XIV took personal control of government on Cardinal Mazarin's death in 1661 and announced that he would appoint no first minister in his place.
- 2
What advantages of size did France enjoy over its rivals in 1660?
Model answer
France had about twenty million people, far more than any western neighbour, together with fertile land and a tax base no other state could match.
- 3
Who were Louis XIV's three leading ministers in the early personal rule?
Model answer
Colbert managed finance and the navy, Le Tellier and later his son Louvois ran the army, and Lionne conducted foreign affairs.
- 4
State the aims of Colbert's economic policy.
Model answer
Colbert aimed to increase the bullion in France by expanding exports, replacing imports with home manufactures and capturing the carrying trade from the Dutch.
- 5
Name three of Colbert's measures to build French commerce.
Model answer
Colbert raised protective tariffs, chartered trading companies for the East and West Indies, and subsidised royal manufactures such as the Gobelins tapestry works.
- 6
How did Colbert improve the royal finances?
Model answer
Colbert prosecuted corrupt financiers, cut the interest on the royal debt, reduced the taille on the peasantry and raised more from indirect taxes and customs.
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Six ways to work the same material.
The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714 revision questions
- What does The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714 cover in CCEA A-Level History?
- 15 subtopics: the foundations of french power under louis xiv, the war of devolution 1667–68, the dutch war 1672–78 and the treaties of nijmegen, the reunions and the truce of ratisbon, the league of augsburg and the alarm of europe, the revocation of the edict of nantes and the quarrel with rome, the cologne incident and the outbreak of the nine years' war, french successes in the nine years' war, allied successes and the stalemate of the nine years' war, the peace of ryswick 1697, the partition treaties and the spanish succession problem, louis xiv's acceptance of the will and the road to war, marlborough and the great battles of the war, why the grand alliance won and france failed and utrecht, rastatt and europe after 1714. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714 organised?
- By the CCEA 4010 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714, on a schedule.
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