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China 1950–1981: The People and the State

Land reform, collectivisation, the First Five Year Plan and the Great Leap Forward

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The Agrarian Reform Law of 1950, mutual aid teams and higher-stage cooperatives, the First Five Year Plan and Soviet help, the Great Leap Forward, the communes and backyard furnaces, the famine of 1959–62, and the Dazhai model and its inflated harvest figures.

What you need to know

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Key term

How did China's industrialisation proceed from the First Five Year Plan to the Great Leap Forward?

Key term

What was a mutual aid team, the first step away from private farming?

Key term

Which kinds of production did the First Five Year Plan concentrate on?

Questions from this subtopic

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  1. 1

    What did the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 do?

    Model answer

    It seized the estates of landlords and shared the land out among poor peasants, destroying the landlord class.

  2. 2

    What was a mutual aid team, the first step away from private farming?

    Model answer

    A group of a few neighbouring families who pooled their tools, animals and labour while each still owned its own land.

  3. 3

    What did peasants give up when higher-stage cooperatives were formed from 1956?

    Model answer

    Ownership of their land and animals; they were now paid according to the work they did rather than by the amount of land they had brought in.

  4. 4

    Which years did the First Five Year Plan run for?

    Model answer

    1953–57.

  5. 5

    Which kinds of production did the First Five Year Plan concentrate on?

    Model answer

    Heavy industry — coal, steel, cement, electricity and machinery — rather than goods for ordinary consumers.

  6. 6

    Which country supplied the loans, machinery and advisers behind the First Five Year Plan?

    Model answer

    The Soviet Union, which lent money and sent thousands of technical experts.

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