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War and British Society c.790 to c.2010

Imperial wars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

The gains of 1763, the year of victories, Plassey, how victory led to the loss of America, the new patriotism, the wars with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, invasion fears, the repression of radicals, income tax and the unrest after 1815.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

Why did peace in 1815 bring unrest rather than relief?

Key term

What did Britain gain by the peace of 1763 at the end of the Seven Years War?

Key term

Why is 1759 remembered as a year of victories?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did Britain gain by the peace of 1763 at the end of the Seven Years War?

    Model answer

    Canada and Florida in North America, several Caribbean islands and Senegal, and a free hand for the East India Company in Bengal.

  2. 2

    Why is 1759 remembered as a year of victories?

    Model answer

    British forces won in Canada, where Wolfe took Quebec and died doing it, in the Caribbean, in Germany and at sea, and the church bells rang so often that it was called the wonderful year.

  3. 3

    What did Robert Clive’s victory at Plassey in 1757 lead to?

    Model answer

    The East India Company gained control of Bengal and its revenues, turning a trading company into the ruler of millions of people.

  4. 4

    How did winning that war create the crisis that lost Britain her American colonies?

    Model answer

    The national debt had roughly doubled, so Parliament tried to make the colonists pay towards their own defence through measures such as the Stamp Act of 1765, and they refused to be taxed without representation.

  5. 5

    How did the victories change the way British people thought about themselves?

    Model answer

    Naval supremacy and a global empire fed a confident patriotism, celebrated in songs, prints and public dinners, and made the Royal Navy a symbol of national identity.

  6. 6

    Over what years did Britain fight Revolutionary and then Napoleonic France?

    Model answer

    From 1793 to 1802, and again from 1803 until Napoleon’s final defeat in 1815, so more than twenty years with only a short break.

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