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Germany 1925–1955: The People and the State

Reaction to war, changing fortunes and the home front 1939–1945

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The mood of September 1939, the early conquests, the invasion of the Soviet Union and plans for the east, Stalingrad, Allied bombing, rationing, Goebbels's call for total war, why Germans fought on, and the Volkssturm.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

How did the German public mood follow the course of the war from 1939 to early 1943?

Numbers

How did most Germans greet the news of war in September 1939?

Key term

What lifted the public mood during the first year of fighting?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How did most Germans greet the news of war in September 1939?

    Model answer

    With quiet acceptance and anxiety rather than the enthusiasm of 1914, because memories of the last war were still raw.

  2. 2

    What lifted the public mood during the first year of fighting?

    Model answer

    The swift conquests of Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Low Countries and France, won with comparatively few German losses.

  3. 3

    Why was the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 such a turning point?

    Model answer

    It opened an enormous eastern front that could not be won quickly, draining German manpower, food and supplies.

  4. 4

    What did the Nazis intend to do with the conquered lands in the east?

    Model answer

    Drive out or enslave the Slav population and settle German colonists on the farmland taken from them.

  5. 5

    Which defeat in early 1943 turned the war decisively against Germany?

    Model answer

    Stalingrad, where an entire German army was surrounded and forced to surrender.

  6. 6

    What did Allied bombing do to Germany's cities?

    Model answer

    It destroyed homes and factories and killed civilians in enormous numbers, as at Hamburg in 1943 and Dresden in 1945.

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AFactories switched from consumer goods to weapons.
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