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Germany 1925–1955: The People and the State

Racial persecution, the Holocaust and opposition during the war

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, the persecution of other outsiders and the sterilisation law, the White Rose, the Edelweiss Pirates and the July Bomb Plot, the Einsatzgruppen, the Wannsee Conference and the death camps.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

Who were the White Rose, and what did they do?

Key term

What was the July Bomb Plot of 1944?

Key term

What was settled at the Wannsee Conference of January 1942?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 do to German Jews?

    Model answer

    They stripped them of citizenship and banned marriage or relationships between Jews and other Germans.

  2. 2

    What happened during Kristallnacht in November 1938?

    Model answer

    Synagogues, Jewish shops and homes were burned and looted, about a hundred Jews were killed and thousands were sent to camps.

  3. 3

    Besides Jews, which groups were hunted down as outsiders before the war?

    Model answer

    Roma, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, and anyone labelled work-shy, a beggar or a habitual criminal.

  4. 4

    What did the sterilisation law of 1933 permit doctors to do?

    Model answer

    To sterilise people against their will if they had conditions believed to be inherited, such as blindness, deafness or mental illness.

  5. 5

    Who were the White Rose, and what did they do?

    Model answer

    Munich students led by Hans and Sophie Scholl who wrote and distributed anti-Nazi leaflets, and were executed in 1943.

  6. 6

    Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

    Model answer

    Working-class young people who refused the Hitler Youth, met to hike and sing, and later sheltered deserters and spread leaflets.

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