Key term
OCR GCSE History A J410
Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750Historic environment
Topic overviewThe location of Kenilworth CastleThe appearance and layout of Kenilworth Castle at different times in its historyThe day-to-day functions of Kenilworth CastleThe evidence historians use for a castle’s changing functionLife in Kenilworth Castle at different times in its historyKey events associated with Kenilworth Castle at different times in its history
China 1950–1981: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewEarly purges, the Hundred Flowers and social policy in the 1950sLand reform, collectivisation, the First Five Year Plan and the Great Leap ForwardCauses and impact of the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards and TibetThe nature of Communist propaganda and its impactCommunism in China after the death of Mao 1976–1981The Communist state and the Chinese people
Germany 1925–1955: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewThe Weimar Republic 1925–1928 and the impact of the DepressionRising support for Nazis 1929–1933The Nazi consolidation of power 1933–1934The Nazi terror state, propaganda and the people's communityNazi economic and social policy, and the lack of effective oppositionReaction to war, changing fortunes and the home front 1939–1945Racial persecution, the Holocaust and opposition during the warDefeat, occupation and the two Germanys 1945–1955The state and the German people, 1925–1955
International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975
Topic overviewThe Versailles settlement, the League and the agreements of the 1920sThe Depression, the failure of the League and the road to warSoviet actions in Eastern Europe and the Western response, 1945–48NATO, the Warsaw Pact, the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile CrisisOrigins of US involvement in Vietnam and the tactics of the warUS withdrawal from Vietnam, opposition at home and the end of the warChanging interpretations of AppeasementChanging interpretations of the responsibility for the Cold WarThe big ideas behind the twentieth-century international order
Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010Thematic study
Topic overviewDiversity before 1066, and the impact of the Norman ConquestJews in medieval England: treatment, integration and expulsionResident aliens in later medieval EnglandAfricans in sixteenth-century England, the East India Company and Britain’s black communitiesThe readmission of Jews in 1656, and Protestant refugeesIndustrial-age migration: the Irish, Eastern European Jews, abolition and ChartismNaturalisation, port communities and immigration law 1870–1948Attitudes towards Jews in the 1930s and migrants in the two world warsThe impact of post-war migration on BritainImmigration as a political issue c.1990–c.2010The big questions about migration to Britain
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660British depth
Topic overviewRelationship between Parliament and Charles I 1629–1642Attempts at settlement, the radical groups and the Army 1646–1649The execution of Charles I 1649The Rump, Cromwell and the Protectorate 1649–1658Attempts to reach a settlement September 1658 – April 1660The tensions that led to war, and the changes that followed
Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 to 2014Thematic study
Topic overviewAnglo-Saxon kingship, 1066 and the Norman monarchyMagna Carta and the emergence of ParliamentRichard II’s deposition and the Wars of the RosesTudor government, personal rule and the Civil WarsThe Restoration, 1688 and the Bill of RightsThe rise of political parties and a parliamentary monarchyParliament and the people, c.1800–c.1918: reform and the unionsVotes for women, and the state in war and peaceChallenges to Parliament since 1980Claiming, keeping and losing power
South Africa 1960–1994: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewConsolidating apartheid in the 1960s: the Bantustans, state control and SharpevilleReasons for, methods of and impact of different types of resistanceThe further development of resistanceThe Anti-Apartheid Movement and the regime's response in the 1970sGrowing pressure on the regimeThe State of Emergency and the failure of total strategy 1985–1990Negotiations between the government and the ANCThe state and the South African people, 1960–1994
The English Reformation c.1520–c.1550British depth
Topic overviewThe church in England c.1520 and its criticsPopular attitudes to reform, the annulment and the Reformation ParliamentCromwell, the Valor Ecclesiasticus and the dissolution of the monasteriesImmediate reactions to Dissolution including supportResistance and protestDevelopment and changes in religious policy under Henry VIII and Edward VIEnforcing the new religious policies and the Prayer Book Rebellion 1549The English Church before and after the Reformation
The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730British depth
Topic overviewThe Glorious Revolution, the Hanoverian succession and the British IslesDarien, the Act of Union, the 1715 rising and emigration to the AmericasEconomic impact of war and imperial expansionThe Treaty of Utrecht, the South Sea Bubble and the slave-based colonial economyConsumerism, the slave-trading ports and the coffee housesIdeas of racial hierarchy, and opposition and resistance to slaveryWhat empire did to Britain and the British Isles
The USA 1919–1948: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewThe US economy and women in the ‘Roaring Twenties’Prohibition, the Red Scare and immigration restrictionsJim Crow, the Ku Klux Klan and attempts to combat prejudiceEconomic and social effects of the Great Depression and government responseThe Second New DealThe mobilisation of the US people for the war effortSocial impact of the warThe Detroit Race Riots 1943 and segregation in the armed forcesThe state and the American people, 1919–1948
The USA 1945–1974: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewFears of Communism at home, the Red Scare and McCarthyismJim Crow and the development and achievements of the civil rights movementOpposition to civil rights and the role of the Supreme Court and EisenhowerThe roles of Kennedy and Johnson in civil rights campaignsBlack Power, radical leaders, and Native American and Chicano campaignsThe impact of feminismStonewall, anti-war protest and the Great SocietyThe state and the American people, 1945–1974
Urban Environments: Patterns of MigrationHistoric environment
Topic overviewWhen immigrant groups arrived, why and from whereSpitalfields: who came, when and whyWhere immigrants settled and how they were receivedSettling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were receivedThe experiences of immigrantsWork, housing and faith in SpitalfieldsKey events in local migration historyAltab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in SpitalfieldsThe impact of migration on the areaSpitalfields today: impact and the multicultural communityReading an urban site for its migration historyReading the buildings, maps and records of Spitalfields
War and British Society c.790 to c.2010Thematic study
Topic overviewViking raids and the Norman ConquestThe feudal system and feudal military serviceWar in medieval society, c.1290–c.1450Elizabeth I’s wars with Spain, and English privateersBorder warfare, the Civil Wars and the Jacobite risingsImperial wars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuriesThe Crimean War and the Boer WarsThe two world wars and the Cold WarThe IRA campaigns and conflict since 1945What war did to British people and their rulers
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660
- 6 subtopics
- 18 things to know
- Paper 3
- Paper 3, the British depth study tied to the thematic study
What Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 covers
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 is examined in Paper 3, British depth study with a study of the historic environment. It covers the relationship between Parliament and Charles I 1629–1642, attempts at settlement, the radical groups and the Army 1646–1649, the execution of Charles I 1649, the Rump, Cromwell and the Protectorate 1649–1658, attempts to reach a settlement September 1658 – April 1660, and the tensions that led to war and the changes that followed.
Where it is assessed
Paper 3
British depth study tied to the thematic study; 25% of the GCSE with the historic environment.
Check the OCR specification ↗The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Relationship between Parliament and Charles I 1629–1642The Bishops' Wars and the Short Parliament, ship money and Hampden's case, Laud, Strafford, the Long Parliament's reforms, the Irish rising, the Grand Remonstrance, the five members, the Militia Ordinance and the Nineteen Propositions.Open →
- Attempts at settlement, the radical groups and the Army 1646–1649The surrender at Southwell, the Propositions of Newcastle, the King's delays and handover, the Levellers and the Agreement of the People, the Diggers, the Quakers and Nayler, Presbyterians and Independents, the Agitators, Cornet Joyce, the Heads of the Proposals and Putney.Open →
- The execution of Charles I 1649Pride's Purge, the High Court of Justice, Bradshaw and the King's refusal to plead, the verdict, the beheading at Whitehall, the abolition of monarchy and Lords, the Commonwealth, the Council of State and Eikon Basilike.Open →
- The Rump, Cromwell and the Protectorate 1649–1658The army's grievances against the Rump, the Navigation Act of 1651, the Rump's expulsion, Barebone's Parliament, the Instrument of Government, the Major-Generals, the Humble Petition and Advice, and why Cromwell refused the crown.Open →
- Attempts to reach a settlement September 1658 – April 1660Richard Cromwell's fall, the recalled Rump, the Committee of Safety, Monck's march, the Declaration of Breda, the Convention Parliament and Charles II's return, the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion and the surviving reforms of 1641.Open →
- The tensions that led to war, and the changes that followedFears of Catholic revival, the principle behind the taxes, why no bargain came in 1642, the peace and war parties, the Self-Denying Ordinance, December 1648, Parliament's army and the Scots, and what survived of 1649.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
How was Charles I condemned and executed, and what did the Rump Parliament put in place of monarchy in 1649?
Key term
What did the Levellers demand, who led them, and how was their movement crushed?
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How was Cromwell's Protectorate given a written constitution in 1653, and how was the settlement revised in 1657?
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How was Strafford condemned in 1641, and what part did Charles I play in it?
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What did the Propositions of Newcastle demand over the armed forces and the King's supporters?
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Who presided at the trial of Charles I, and how did the King answer the charge?
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What was Barebone's Parliament, and how long did it last?
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Which parliament did the army bring back in May 1659?
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What was the Committee of Safety?
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Why could no bargain be struck in the summer of 1642?
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What separated the peace party at Westminster from the war party while the fighting went on?
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Which war left Charles I so short of money that he had to summon a parliament in 1640?
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How did Charles I pass into Parliament's hands in January 1647?
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Of what was Charles I found guilty in January 1649?
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What was the Instrument of Government, and who drew it up?
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What did George Monck do in the winter of 1659 and 1660?
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How did the Commons vote on the King's answers in December 1648, and what followed within a day?
Take Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Short Parliament vs Long Parliament
Short Parliament: assembly of 1640 dissolved after three weeks for airing grievances before voting money. Long Parliament: assembly meeting from late 1640 that abolished Star Chamber and impeached Laud.
Propositions of Newcastle vs Heads of the Proposals
Propositions of Newcastle: 1646 terms demanding the Covenant, a Presbyterian church and twenty years of militia control. Heads of the Proposals: army terms of 1647 keeping powerless bishops and army control for ten years only.
Levellers vs Diggers
Levellers: movement seeking votes for most men, parliaments every two years and equality before the law. Diggers: Winstanley's followers who dug and sowed the common land on St George's Hill.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which war left Charles I so short of money that he had to summon a parliament in 1640?
Model answer
The Bishops' Wars against the Scots, whose costs were far beyond anything his own revenues could meet.
- 2
What had driven the Scots into rebellion against Charles I?
Model answer
The new Prayer Book forced on the Scottish Kirk in 1637, which they answered with the National Covenant of 1638.
- 3
How long did the Short Parliament of 1640 sit, and why did Charles I end it?
Model answer
About three weeks; the MPs insisted on airing their grievances before voting a penny, so he dissolved them.
- 4
What did the Treaty of Ripon of October 1640 oblige Charles I to pay?
Model answer
£850 a day to the Scottish army, which was holding Northumberland and Durham until the money came — a sum only a parliament could raise.
- 5
What was ship money, and what made it so bitterly resented after 1635?
Model answer
A levy for the navy once taken from coastal towns in wartime; Charles demanded it from inland counties year after year without asking Parliament.
- 6
How did the judges rule when John Hampden refused to pay ship money in 1637?
Model answer
They found for the King, but only by seven votes to five, which told the country that the case against the levy was a strong one.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 revision questions
- What does Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 cover in OCR GCSE History A?
- 6 subtopics: relationship between parliament and charles i 1629–1642, attempts at settlement, the radical groups and the army 1646–1649, the execution of charles i 1649, the rump, cromwell and the protectorate 1649–1658, attempts to reach a settlement september 1658 – april 1660 and the tensions that led to war, and the changes that followed. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 organised?
- By the OCR J410 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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