Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010

What Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010 covers

Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010 is examined in Paper 2, British thematic study. It covers diversity before 1066 and the impact of the Norman Conquest; Jews in medieval England, their treatment, integration and expulsion; resident aliens in later medieval England; Africans in sixteenth-century England, the East India Company and Britain’s black communities; the readmission of Jews in 1656 and Protestant refugees; industrial-age migration, including the Irish, Eastern European Jews, abolition and Chartism; naturalisation, port communities and immigration law 1870–1948; attitudes towards Jews in the 1930s and migrants in the two world wars; the impact of post-war migration on Britain; immigration as a political issue c.1990–c.2010; and the big questions about migration to Britain.

The 11 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

• Diversity before 1066, and the impact of the Norman ConquestEngland's peoples before 1066, the Danelaw and its lasting traces, Edward the Confessor's Normans, the dispossession of English landholders, Norman French, the reformed Church, castles, the Harrying of the North, Hereward the Wake and the Revolt of the Earls.Open →
• Jews in medieval England: treatment, integration and expulsionThe first Jewish settlers from Rouen, why kings valued Jewish lenders, Edward I's expulsion of 1290, life under royal protection, the Exchequer's Jewish branch, the blood libel, York in 1190, the Statute of the Jewry, community life and the Domus Conversorum.Open →
• Resident aliens in later medieval EnglandWho the aliens were, Edward III's Flemish cloth workers, the killing of Flemings in 1381, the oath of 1436 and the alien subsidy of 1440, letters of denization, guild restrictions and hostility in London, integration and the Hanse, and hop brewing.Open →
• Africans in sixteenth-century England, the East India Company and Britain’s black communitiesHow Africans reached Tudor England, John Blanke, the Moroccan embassy, African work and legal status, Jacques Francis and Reasonable Blackman, Elizabeth I's orders, the East India Company, lascars, ayahs and child servants, and the growth of black communities through slavery and empire.Open →
• The readmission of Jews in 1656, and Protestant refugeesMenasseh ben Israel and the Whitehall Conference, how and why Jews were readmitted, the Sephardi community and the limits it lived under, the Huguenots' flight, reception, trades and assimilation, and the Palatines of 1709.Open →
• Industrial-age migration: the Irish, Eastern European Jews, abolition and ChartismIrish and Scottish migrants in the Industrial Revolution and the Great Famine, Equiano, Cugoano, the Sons of Africa and Mary Prince, William Cuffay and the Irish in Chartism, and the Eastern European Jews who came after 1881, their work, reception and impact.Open →
• Naturalisation, port communities and immigration law 1870–1948Denization and naturalisation before 1870 and the Naturalisation Act, mixed port populations and Tiger Bay, the riots of 1919, the 1925 seamen's order, the Aliens Act of 1905, the Status of Aliens Act of 1914 and the British Nationality Act of 1948.Open →
• Attitudes towards Jews in the 1930s and migrants in the two world warsBritain's response to Jewish refugees and the Kindertransport, Mosley's British Union of Fascists, Cable Street and the Public Order Act, arguments against and sympathy for refugees, and the wartime treatment of imperial soldiers, Italians, interned refugees, Caribbean volunteers and Germans.Open →
• The impact of post-war migration on BritainThe Poles who stayed and the Resettlement Act, why Caribbean and Commonwealth migrants came, work, worship and culture, the MPs of 1987, housing and workplace discrimination, the Bristol Bus Boycott, Notting Hill, Enoch Powell, anti-racism and the immigration and race relations laws.Open →
• Immigration as a political issue c.1990–c.2010The idea of a multi-cultural society, the Macpherson Report, the northern disturbances of 2001, citizenship tests and ceremonies, asylum seekers and refugees and the conflicts that sent them, their treatment while claims were decided, and free movement after the EU enlargement of 2004.Open →
• The big questions about migration to BritainReligious, economic, political and social reasons for coming, community building, contributions, hostility and resistance, government responses, welcomes, effects on towns, religion and politics, empire, the Commonwealth, trade and ideas of Britishness.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010 further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• Denization vs Naturalisation

  Denization: royal grant letting a foreigner live and own land but not inherit or hold office. Naturalisation: becoming a full British subject, from 1870 by applying after five years' residence.

• Aliens Act of 1905 vs Status of Aliens Act of 1914

  Aliens Act of 1905: law placing immigration officers at ports to turn back destitute, sick or criminal arrivals. Status of Aliens Act of 1914: law defining who counted as a British subject throughout the empire.

• Asylum seeker vs Refugee

  Asylum seeker: person who has applied for protection and is awaiting a decision. Refugee: person recognised as being at risk of persecution at home.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   Which groups made up the population of England in the years before 1066?

   Model answer

   Anglo-Saxons across most of the country, descendants of Scandinavian settlers in the north and east, Britons in the west, and small numbers of Flemish, Frankish and Norman traders and craftsmen.

2. 2

   What was the Danelaw?

   Model answer

   The part of northern and eastern England settled by Scandinavians, where Danish law and customs were followed.

3. 3

   What evidence of Scandinavian settlement can still be found in northern and eastern England today?

   Model answer

   Place names ending in -by and -thorpe, and everyday words such as sky, egg and law that came into English from Old Norse.

4. 4

   How did Edward the Confessor bring Normans into England before the Conquest?

   Model answer

   He had been brought up in Normandy and rewarded Norman friends with English lands and church offices, making Robert of Jumièges Archbishop of Canterbury.

5. 5

   What happened to England’s landowning class in the twenty years after 1066?

   Model answer

   Almost all English landholders were dispossessed, and by 1086 the bulk of the land was held by around two hundred Norman barons.

6. 6

   How did the Conquest change the language of those in power?

   Model answer

   Norman French became the language of the court, the law and government, while ordinary people went on speaking English, and thousands of French words entered the language.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010 revision questions

What does Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010 cover in OCR GCSE History A?

11 subtopics: diversity before 1066, and the impact of the norman conquest, jews in medieval england: treatment, integration and expulsion, resident aliens in later medieval england, africans in sixteenth-century england, the east india company and britain’s black communities, the readmission of jews in 1656, and protestant refugees, industrial-age migration: the irish, eastern european jews, abolition and chartism, naturalisation, port communities and immigration law 1870–1948, attitudes towards jews in the 1930s and migrants in the two world wars, the impact of post-war migration on britain, immigration as a political issue c.1990–c.2010 and the big questions about migration to britain. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010 organised?

By the OCR J410 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.