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Germany 1925–1955: The People and the State

The Nazi consolidation of power 1933–1934

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The Reichstag Fire and the emergency decree, the March 1933 election, the Enabling Act and how it was passed, the destruction of the trade unions and the other parties, Röhm and the Night of the Long Knives, and the army's oath to Hitler.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Process

What did the Nazis achieve at the polls on 5 March 1933?

Process

How were enough votes found to pass the Enabling Act?

Process

How did the Nazis control the civil service and the states?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What happened to the Reichstag building on 27 February 1933?

    Model answer

    It was gutted by fire, and a Dutch communist, Marinus van der Lubbe, was caught at the scene and blamed.

  2. 2

    What did the emergency decree issued the day after the fire take away from Germans?

    Model answer

    Their civil liberties, including free speech, a free press, free assembly and protection from arrest without trial.

  3. 3

    What did the Nazis achieve at the polls on 5 March 1933?

    Model answer

    About 44% of the vote and 288 seats, still short of a majority, so they governed with the Nationalists.

  4. 4

    What power did the Enabling Act of 23 March 1933 hand to Hitler?

    Model answer

    The right to make laws for four years without the Reichstag or the President.

  5. 5

    How were enough votes found to pass the Enabling Act?

    Model answer

    Communist deputies were arrested or barred, the SA packed and intimidated the chamber, and the Centre Party was promised protection for the Catholic Church.

  6. 6

    What happened to Germany's trade unions on 2 May 1933?

    Model answer

    Their offices were seized and leaders arrested, and workers were forced into the German Labour Front under Robert Ley.

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AFactories switched from consumer goods to weapons.
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CProduction outstripped that of every enemy.

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