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Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010

Naturalisation, port communities and immigration law 1870–1948

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Denization and naturalisation before 1870 and the Naturalisation Act, mixed port populations and Tiger Bay, the riots of 1919, the 1925 seamen's order, the Aliens Act of 1905, the Status of Aliens Act of 1914 and the British Nationality Act of 1948.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What happened in Britain’s port cities in 1919?

Key term

What did the Aliens Act of 1905 introduce?

Key term

Which British ports had the most mixed populations by the early twentieth century?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What was denization?

    Model answer

    A grant made by the monarch that allowed a foreigner to live and own land in England, but not to inherit land or hold public office.

  2. 2

    How could a foreigner become fully British before the middle of the nineteenth century?

    Model answer

    Only through a private Act of Parliament, which was so expensive that hardly anyone could afford it.

  3. 3

    What did the Naturalisation Act of 1870 change?

    Model answer

    It let a foreigner become a British subject by applying to the Home Secretary after five years’ residence, and made a British woman take her husband’s nationality on marrying a foreigner.

  4. 4

    Which British ports had the most mixed populations by the early twentieth century?

    Model answer

    Cardiff, Liverpool, South Shields, Glasgow and the London docklands.

  5. 5

    Why did seamen from Africa, Asia and the Caribbean settle in these ports?

    Model answer

    They were signed off British merchant ships between voyages, lodged in boarding houses near the docks, took work ashore and often married local women.

  6. 6

    What was Tiger Bay?

    Model answer

    The dockside district of Cardiff, home to sailors and their families from dozens of countries and one of Britain’s oldest multi-ethnic communities.

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