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Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660

The execution of Charles I 1649

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 3

Overview

Pride's Purge, the High Court of Justice, Bradshaw and the King's refusal to plead, the verdict, the beheading at Whitehall, the abolition of monarchy and Lords, the Commonwealth, the Council of State and Eikon Basilike.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Numbers

How was Charles I condemned and executed, and what did the Rump Parliament put in place of monarchy in 1649?

Key term

Who presided at the trial of Charles I, and how did the King answer the charge?

Key term

Of what was Charles I found guilty in January 1649?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did Colonel Pride's soldiers do at the door of the Commons in December 1648?

    Model answer

    They arrested or turned away every member still willing to treat with Charles, leaving only those prepared to put him on trial.

  2. 2

    Why did a special court have to be created to try Charles I?

    Model answer

    No existing court could try a king, and when the Lords threw out the ordinance the Commons set up a High Court of Justice on its own authority.

  3. 3

    Who presided at the trial of Charles I, and how did the King answer the charge?

    Model answer

    John Bradshaw presided; Charles refused to plead at all, denying that any court on earth could judge its own king.

  4. 4

    Of what was Charles I found guilty in January 1649?

    Model answer

    Of making war on his own people, as a tyrant, traitor and murderer.

  5. 5

    Where and on what date was Charles I beheaded?

    Model answer

    Outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall on 30 January 1649.

  6. 6

    Why did Charles I put on two shirts on the morning of his death?

    Model answer

    So that the January cold would not set him shivering and let the crowd think he was afraid.

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John presided.
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