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International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975

NATO, the Warsaw Pact, the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis

  • 5 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The founding and central promise of NATO, West German rearmament and the Warsaw Pact, Europe's two armed camps, flight from East Germany, the Berlin Wall and its effect on the risk of war, and Castro, Khrushchev's missiles, the quarantine and the terms that ended the Cuban crisis.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Which decision of 1955 led directly to the founding of the Warsaw Pact?

Numbers

When was the Warsaw Pact signed, and how many states joined it?

Key term

Who took power in Cuba in 1959, and whom did he overthrow?

Key term

How did the two alliances change the danger of war in Europe?

Key term

What did Kennedy announce on 22 October 1962?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    When was NATO founded, and by how many countries?

    Model answer

    In April 1949, by twelve countries.

  2. 2

    What is the central promise members of NATO make to one another?

    Model answer

    That an armed attack on any one of them will be treated as an attack on them all.

  3. 3

    Which decision of 1955 led directly to the founding of the Warsaw Pact?

    Model answer

    West Germany was allowed to rearm and was taken into NATO.

  4. 4

    When was the Warsaw Pact signed, and how many states joined it?

    Model answer

    In May 1955, by the USSR and seven Eastern European countries.

  5. 5

    How did the two alliances change the danger of war in Europe?

    Model answer

    The continent was split into two armed camps, so any local quarrel now risked pulling in every great power at once.

  6. 6

    Why was East Germany losing so many of its people through Berlin?

    Model answer

    Living standards were far higher in the west, and moving between the sectors of the city was the one easy escape route.

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International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975

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John presided.
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AFactories switched from consumer goods to weapons.
BCar plants turned out tanks, aircraft and jeeps.
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Whigs means party given almost every office by George I after 1714.
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