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International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975

The Versailles settlement, the League and the agreements of the 1920s

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The Big Three, the War Guilt Clause, reparations and military limits, the League's weakness without the USA and its powers, Corfu, the Dawes Plan, Locarno, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, the Young Plan and the failure of disarmament.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Which three leaders dominated the peace conference that met in Paris in 1919?

Numbers

How much was Germany finally ordered to pay in reparations, and when was the figure fixed?

Key term

What limits were placed on Germany’s armed forces in 1919?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which three leaders dominated the peace conference that met in Paris in 1919?

    Model answer

    Woodrow Wilson of the USA, Georges Clemenceau of France and David Lloyd George of Britain, known as the Big Three.

  2. 2

    What did the War Guilt Clause require Germany to accept?

    Model answer

    That Germany was responsible for starting the war and for all the loss and damage it had caused.

  3. 3

    How much was Germany finally ordered to pay in reparations, and when was the figure fixed?

    Model answer

    £6,600 million, a sum settled in 1921.

  4. 4

    What limits were placed on Germany’s armed forces in 1919?

    Model answer

    An army of only 100,000 men with no conscription, tanks, submarines or aircraft, and a navy of six battleships.

  5. 5

    Why did the absence of the USA weaken the League so badly?

    Model answer

    The richest trading nation in the world was missing, so economic sanctions could always be broken and no great force stood behind them.

  6. 6

    What means could the League use against a country that broke the peace?

    Model answer

    Condemnation, then economic sanctions, and in theory military force, although it had no army of its own.

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AFactories switched from consumer goods to weapons.
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