Key term
OCR GCSE History A J410
Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750Historic environment
Topic overviewThe location of Kenilworth CastleThe appearance and layout of Kenilworth Castle at different times in its historyThe day-to-day functions of Kenilworth CastleThe evidence historians use for a castle’s changing functionLife in Kenilworth Castle at different times in its historyKey events associated with Kenilworth Castle at different times in its history
China 1950–1981: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewEarly purges, the Hundred Flowers and social policy in the 1950sLand reform, collectivisation, the First Five Year Plan and the Great Leap ForwardCauses and impact of the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards and TibetThe nature of Communist propaganda and its impactCommunism in China after the death of Mao 1976–1981The Communist state and the Chinese people
Germany 1925–1955: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewThe Weimar Republic 1925–1928 and the impact of the DepressionRising support for Nazis 1929–1933The Nazi consolidation of power 1933–1934The Nazi terror state, propaganda and the people's communityNazi economic and social policy, and the lack of effective oppositionReaction to war, changing fortunes and the home front 1939–1945Racial persecution, the Holocaust and opposition during the warDefeat, occupation and the two Germanys 1945–1955The state and the German people, 1925–1955
International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975
Topic overviewThe Versailles settlement, the League and the agreements of the 1920sThe Depression, the failure of the League and the road to warSoviet actions in Eastern Europe and the Western response, 1945–48NATO, the Warsaw Pact, the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile CrisisOrigins of US involvement in Vietnam and the tactics of the warUS withdrawal from Vietnam, opposition at home and the end of the warChanging interpretations of AppeasementChanging interpretations of the responsibility for the Cold WarThe big ideas behind the twentieth-century international order
Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010Thematic study
Topic overviewDiversity before 1066, and the impact of the Norman ConquestJews in medieval England: treatment, integration and expulsionResident aliens in later medieval EnglandAfricans in sixteenth-century England, the East India Company and Britain’s black communitiesThe readmission of Jews in 1656, and Protestant refugeesIndustrial-age migration: the Irish, Eastern European Jews, abolition and ChartismNaturalisation, port communities and immigration law 1870–1948Attitudes towards Jews in the 1930s and migrants in the two world warsThe impact of post-war migration on BritainImmigration as a political issue c.1990–c.2010The big questions about migration to Britain
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660British depth
Topic overviewRelationship between Parliament and Charles I 1629–1642Attempts at settlement, the radical groups and the Army 1646–1649The execution of Charles I 1649The Rump, Cromwell and the Protectorate 1649–1658Attempts to reach a settlement September 1658 – April 1660The tensions that led to war, and the changes that followed
Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 to 2014Thematic study
Topic overviewAnglo-Saxon kingship, 1066 and the Norman monarchyMagna Carta and the emergence of ParliamentRichard II’s deposition and the Wars of the RosesTudor government, personal rule and the Civil WarsThe Restoration, 1688 and the Bill of RightsThe rise of political parties and a parliamentary monarchyParliament and the people, c.1800–c.1918: reform and the unionsVotes for women, and the state in war and peaceChallenges to Parliament since 1980Claiming, keeping and losing power
South Africa 1960–1994: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewConsolidating apartheid in the 1960s: the Bantustans, state control and SharpevilleReasons for, methods of and impact of different types of resistanceThe further development of resistanceThe Anti-Apartheid Movement and the regime's response in the 1970sGrowing pressure on the regimeThe State of Emergency and the failure of total strategy 1985–1990Negotiations between the government and the ANCThe state and the South African people, 1960–1994
The English Reformation c.1520–c.1550British depth
Topic overviewThe church in England c.1520 and its criticsPopular attitudes to reform, the annulment and the Reformation ParliamentCromwell, the Valor Ecclesiasticus and the dissolution of the monasteriesImmediate reactions to Dissolution including supportResistance and protestDevelopment and changes in religious policy under Henry VIII and Edward VIEnforcing the new religious policies and the Prayer Book Rebellion 1549The English Church before and after the Reformation
The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730British depth
Topic overviewThe Glorious Revolution, the Hanoverian succession and the British IslesDarien, the Act of Union, the 1715 rising and emigration to the AmericasEconomic impact of war and imperial expansionThe Treaty of Utrecht, the South Sea Bubble and the slave-based colonial economyConsumerism, the slave-trading ports and the coffee housesIdeas of racial hierarchy, and opposition and resistance to slaveryWhat empire did to Britain and the British Isles
The USA 1919–1948: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewThe US economy and women in the ‘Roaring Twenties’Prohibition, the Red Scare and immigration restrictionsJim Crow, the Ku Klux Klan and attempts to combat prejudiceEconomic and social effects of the Great Depression and government responseThe Second New DealThe mobilisation of the US people for the war effortSocial impact of the warThe Detroit Race Riots 1943 and segregation in the armed forcesThe state and the American people, 1919–1948
The USA 1945–1974: The People and the StateDepth study
Topic overviewFears of Communism at home, the Red Scare and McCarthyismJim Crow and the development and achievements of the civil rights movementOpposition to civil rights and the role of the Supreme Court and EisenhowerThe roles of Kennedy and Johnson in civil rights campaignsBlack Power, radical leaders, and Native American and Chicano campaignsThe impact of feminismStonewall, anti-war protest and the Great SocietyThe state and the American people, 1945–1974
Urban Environments: Patterns of MigrationHistoric environment
Topic overviewWhen immigrant groups arrived, why and from whereSpitalfields: who came, when and whyWhere immigrants settled and how they were receivedSettling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were receivedThe experiences of immigrantsWork, housing and faith in SpitalfieldsKey events in local migration historyAltab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in SpitalfieldsThe impact of migration on the areaSpitalfields today: impact and the multicultural communityReading an urban site for its migration historyReading the buildings, maps and records of Spitalfields
War and British Society c.790 to c.2010Thematic study
Topic overviewViking raids and the Norman ConquestThe feudal system and feudal military serviceWar in medieval society, c.1290–c.1450Elizabeth I’s wars with Spain, and English privateersBorder warfare, the Civil Wars and the Jacobite risingsImperial wars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuriesThe Crimean War and the Boer WarsThe two world wars and the Cold WarThe IRA campaigns and conflict since 1945What war did to British people and their rulers
Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration
- 12 subtopics
- 36 things to know
- Paper 3
- Paper 3, the historic environment tied to the thematic study
What Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration covers
Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration is examined in Paper 3, British depth study with a study of the historic environment. Its set site is Spitalfields. It covers when immigrant groups arrived, why and from where, and who came to Spitalfields and why; where immigrants settled and how they were received, and settling in Spitalfields; the experiences of immigrants, and work, housing and faith in Spitalfields; key events in local migration history, and Altab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other Spitalfields events; the impact of migration on an area, and Spitalfields today; and reading an urban site, and the buildings, maps and records of Spitalfields, for its migration history.
Where it is assessed
Paper 3
The historic environment tied to the thematic study; 25% of the GCSE with the British depth study.
Check the OCR specification ↗The 12 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- When immigrant groups arrived, why and from whereTracing arrivals and departures in a local study, when each group came and for how long, push and pull factors, chain migration, what changes the flow of newcomers, refugee and labour migration compared, census evidence and the marks early groups left on a townscape.Open →
- Spitalfields: who came, when and whyWhere the name Spitalfields comes from, why Huguenots settled outside the City, Irish migrants in the eighteenth century and after the Famine, Jewish refugees from the 1880s, Sylhet and the lascar link, the 1962 Act, Bangladeshi families in the 1970s and the area's succession of groups.Open →
- Where immigrants settled and how they were receivedWhy newcomers took the poorest streets, the advantages of settling together, moving out as groups prospered, local welcome, how hostility showed, scapegoating, help and hindrance from officials, and the marks that hostility and welcome leave on the streets.Open →
- Settling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were receivedFournier Street and the Huguenot master weavers, their reception and Christ Church, the anti-Irish riots of 1736, the weavers' riots of 1769, established Jews and the Poor Jews' Temporary Shelter, the Jews' Free School, the British Brothers' League, Bengali squatters and the National Front on Brick Lane.Open →
- The experiences of immigrantsFirst lodgings, overcrowding and disease, mutual aid before the welfare state, the worst jobs, trades dominated by one group, shopkeeping, the first place of worship, community organisations, buildings passed between faiths and home workshops.Open →
- Work, housing and faith in SpitalfieldsWeaving lofts in Fournier Street, the Spitalfields Act and the collapse of silk weaving, the Jewish sweating system and the tailors' strike of 1889, Rothschild Buildings and the Soup Kitchen, Bangladeshi housing and work, Brick Lane's curry houses and buildings that served several faiths.Open →
- Key events in local migration historyWhat counts as a key event, why events are studied closely, four questions about a disturbance, locating the exact spot, commemoration and its silences, events with no memorial and the marks a riot leaves.Open →
- Altab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in SpitalfieldsThe murder of Altab Ali in 1978 and the community's response, the attack on Brick Lane in June 1978 and its defence, Altab Ali Park, its arch and the Shaheed Minar, the site's medieval past, the Whitechapel murders and Jewish immigrants, and the records of the 1736 riots.Open →
- The impact of migration on the areaHow migrants change a town's economy, population and services, their political influence and street culture, succession in an immigrant district, why an area keeps changing, describing the community today, multicultural communities and what a high street's shop names reveal.Open →
- Spitalfields today: impact and the multicultural communityThe Huguenots' silk economy, Jewish trade unions and Yiddish newspapers, Banglatown and Bengali street signs, Bangladeshi political influence, the community in Tower Hamlets today, the Spitalfields Trust, the market's redevelopment, gentrification and the multicultural community of today.Open →
- Reading an urban site for its migration historySubdivided houses, terraces, street names, shopfronts and bilingual signs as evidence, gravestones and burial grounds, questions to ask of memorials and plaques, old and modern maps, census and directory records, oral testimony and its limits, and local history collections.Open →
- Reading the buildings, maps and records of SpitalfieldsThe sundial and minaret of the Brick Lane Jamme Masjid, the renaming of Fournier Street, the Christ Church crypt excavation, Arkell's map of Jewish East London and Booth's poverty map, Rothschild Buildings and the Soup Kitchen, the scarce Irish traces and Bangladeshi oral history.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Which maps, written records and local collections show who lived in a street, and when?
Key term
What should you be able to say about each group that arrived in the area you study?
Key term
What is a push factor in migration?
Evaluation
What advantages did a group gain by settling close together in a few streets?
Key term
How did a group’s settlement pattern typically change as it grew more prosperous?
Key term
What kind of accommodation did most newcomers get when they first arrived?
Key term
Why does one immigrant group so often dominate a single local trade?
Key term
Why is one event studied closely as well as the long slow changes around it?
Key term
Why can the modern street plan mislead you about the scene of an old event?
Key term
What does migration do to a town’s population and to the services it needs?
Key term
In what ways does migration change everyday culture in the streets of a town?
Key term
What is chain migration?
Process
From which part of Bangladesh did most of the Bangladeshi migrants to Spitalfields come?
Process
How large was the Huguenot community in London by about 1700?
Process
What brought a new wave of Irish migrants to the East End in the late 1840s?
Key term
In what three ways might local people make newcomers welcome?
Process
Which streets in Spitalfields were built up in the 1720s and became home to Huguenot master weavers and silk merchants?
Evaluation
Where did the National Front openly challenge the Bangladeshi community of Brick Lane in the 1970s?
Process
Why was the house of the master weaver Lewis Chauvet attacked in 1769?
Key term
Why did shopkeeping and other self-employment become common among immigrant families?
Process
Why do the Huguenot houses of Fournier Street have long windows in their top storeys?
Process
What did the Soup Kitchen for the Jewish Poor in Brune Street provide?
Process
What kinds of housing did Bangladeshi families find in Spitalfields in the 1970s?
Key term
What physical marks can a riot or a fire leave on a street long afterwards?
Process
What happened on Brick Lane on 11 June 1978?
Process
How did the community respond to the murder of Altab Ali?
Process
Who was Altab Ali, and what happened to him on 4 May 1978?
Key term
What is succession in an immigrant district?
Process
How do the street signs around Brick Lane show the area’s Bangladeshi community?
Process
How large is the Bangladeshi community in Tower Hamlets today?
Process
What did Jewish immigrants add to the political and cultural life of the East End?
Key term
What can the style and materials of a terrace tell you about the district’s migration history?
Process
Which addition to the Brick Lane Jamme Masjid in 2009 marks its newest community?
Process
What can Charles Booth’s poverty map of 1889 show about Spitalfields?
Process
What did the excavation of the crypt of Christ Church Spitalfields in 1984 to 1986 reveal?
Take Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Push factor vs Pull factor
Push factor: pressure in the homeland such as famine, war or persecution that drives people to leave. Pull factor: attraction in a town such as vacant jobs, higher wages or settled relatives.
Chain migration vs Succession
Chain migration: later arrivals from the same family or village following early ones into the same streets. Succession: an established group moving to the suburbs as its housing passes to the newest arrivals.
Refugee movement vs Migration for work
Refugee movement: sudden concentrated arrival of people fleeing danger. Migration for work: steady flow of arrivals lasting as long as the jobs last.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What two opposite movements of people must a local migration study trace?
Model answer
The people who came into the district from elsewhere and the people born there who left it for other towns or other countries.
- 2
What should you be able to say about each group that arrived in the area you study?
Model answer
Roughly when it first came in numbers, how large it became, and how long the flow of new arrivals lasted.
- 3
What is a push factor in migration?
Model answer
A pressure in the homeland that drives people to leave, such as famine, poverty, unemployment, war or religious and political persecution.
- 4
Which conditions in a town attract migrants towards it?
Model answer
Its pull factors: vacant jobs, higher wages, safety from persecution, and relatives who have already settled there and can house a newcomer.
- 5
What is chain migration?
Model answer
Early arrivals send home money, lodgings and news of work, so later migrants from the same family or village follow them into the same streets.
- 6
Name two things that can change the flow of newcomers into a town within a single generation.
Model answer
A new law tightening or opening entry to the country, and the boom or collapse of the local industry that had been hiring outsiders.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration revision questions
- What does Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration cover in OCR GCSE History A?
- 12 subtopics: when immigrant groups arrived, why and from where, spitalfields: who came, when and why, where immigrants settled and how they were received, settling in spitalfields, and how newcomers were received, the experiences of immigrants, work, housing and faith in spitalfields, key events in local migration history, altab ali, brick lane 1978 and other key events in spitalfields, the impact of migration on the area, spitalfields today: impact and the multicultural community, reading an urban site for its migration history and reading the buildings, maps and records of spitalfields. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration organised?
- By the OCR J410 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.