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Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 to 2014

Magna Carta and the emergence of Parliament

  • 2 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

John's accession and the loss of Normandy, the barons' grievances, Runnymede, Magna Carta's promises on justice and taxation and how it was to be enforced, Simon de Montfort's parliament of 1265 and Edward I's assemblies.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Who and when

How did John come to the throne in 1199, and who was his rival?

Numbers

Which defeat abroad damaged John’s standing at home?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How did John come to the throne in 1199, and who was his rival?

    Model answer

    He succeeded his brother Richard I, ahead of his young nephew Arthur of Brittany, whose claim many in the French lands preferred.

  2. 2

    Which defeat abroad damaged John’s standing at home?

    Model answer

    The loss of Normandy and most of the family’s French lands to Philip II by 1204, which cost many barons their estates across the Channel.

  3. 3

    What grievances drove the barons into open revolt against John?

    Model answer

    Crushing taxes and scutage for campaigns that failed, justice sold to the highest bidder, and hostages taken from families he suspected.

  4. 4

    Where and when was Magna Carta sealed?

    Model answer

    At Runnymede beside the Thames in June 1215, after the rebel barons had seized London and forced John to negotiate.

  5. 5

    Which promise in Magna Carta has mattered most in later centuries?

    Model answer

    That no free man could be imprisoned or stripped of his property except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.

  6. 6

    What did Magna Carta say about the king raising money?

    Model answer

    That he could not demand scutage or aid without first obtaining the common counsel of the kingdom.

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