OCR GCSE History A J410
Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750Historic environment
China 1950–1981: The People and the StateDepth study
Germany 1925–1955: The People and the StateDepth study
International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975
Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010Thematic study
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660British depth
Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 to 2014Thematic study
South Africa 1960–1994: The People and the StateDepth study
The English Reformation c.1520–c.1550British depth
The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730British depth
The USA 1919–1948: The People and the StateDepth study
The USA 1945–1974: The People and the StateDepth study
Urban Environments: Patterns of MigrationHistoric environment
War and British Society c.790 to c.2010Thematic study
The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730
Ideas of racial hierarchy, and opposition and resistance to slavery
- 3 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
Claims of African inferiority, Britain's settled minority communities, baptism and the courts, daily life for Black people in Britain, the Quakers' early protest, and resistance on the slave ships, by the Maroons of Jamaica and on the plantations.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Which settled minority communities were living in Britain by the early eighteenth century?
How did captives resist on the slave ships?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What claim did defenders of slavery make about Africans?
Model answer
That they were naturally inferior and fitted for hard labour, an idea built up to justify a trade that was making Britain rich.
- 2
Which settled minority communities were living in Britain by the early eighteenth century?
Model answer
Small Black communities in London and the western ports, Jewish congregations readmitted since the 1650s, and Huguenot refugees who had fled France after 1685.
- 3
Why did Black servants in Britain seek baptism, and what did the courts say?
Model answer
Many believed a baptised Christian could not be held as a slave; judges in cases such as Smith v Gould in 1706 held that no man could be owned as property in England, but the law stayed unsettled.
- 4
How did ideas of racial inferiority shape the daily lives of Black people in Britain?
Model answer
They were assumed to be servants rather than free workers, were shut out of trades and guilds, were advertised for in newspapers when they ran away, and some were made to wear engraved metal collars.
- 5
Which religious group first spoke out in this period against slavery?
Model answer
The Quakers, whose Germantown protest of 1688 was the first written condemnation and whose London Yearly Meeting warned members against the trade in 1727.
- 6
How did captives resist on the slave ships?
Model answer
By refusing food, jumping overboard and rising against the crew, which is why ships carried chains, netting and armed guards.
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