Where does the name Spitalfields come from?

From the fields belonging to the priory and hospital of St Mary Spital, founded in 1197 just outside the walls of the City of London and closed at the Reformation.

Why did so many Huguenot refugees settle in Spitalfields rather than inside the City of London?

It lay outside the City, beyond the control of its craft guilds, new streets were being built there, and French congregations and the silk trade were already established in the area.

Why did Irish migrants come to Spitalfields in the eighteenth century?

Poverty in Ireland and slumps in its weaving trades drove Irish weavers and labourers to come to find work in the silk industry and on building sites, often for lower wages than the English.

Why did Jewish refugees arriving in London from the 1880s settle in Spitalfields and Whitechapel?

The area was close to the docks where they landed, rooms there were cheap, and an established Jewish community offered synagogues, charities and work in workshops run by earlier arrivals.

OCR GCSE History A J410

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Topic overview The Weimar Republic 1925–1928 and the impact of the Depression Rising support for Nazis 1929–1933 The Nazi consolidation of power 1933–1934 The Nazi terror state, propaganda and the people's community Nazi economic and social policy, and the lack of effective opposition Reaction to war, changing fortunes and the home front 1939–1945 Racial persecution, the Holocaust and opposition during the war Defeat, occupation and the two Germanys 1945–1955 The state and the German people, 1925–1955

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Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660British depth

Topic overview Relationship between Parliament and Charles I 1629–1642 Attempts at settlement, the radical groups and the Army 1646–1649 The execution of Charles I 1649 The Rump, Cromwell and the Protectorate 1649–1658 Attempts to reach a settlement September 1658 – April 1660 The tensions that led to war, and the changes that followed

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Topic overview The church in England c.1520 and its critics Popular attitudes to reform, the annulment and the Reformation Parliament Cromwell, the Valor Ecclesiasticus and the dissolution of the monasteries Immediate reactions to Dissolution including support Resistance and protest Development and changes in religious policy under Henry VIII and Edward VI Enforcing the new religious policies and the Prayer Book Rebellion 1549 The English Church before and after the Reformation

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Topic overview The Glorious Revolution, the Hanoverian succession and the British Isles Darien, the Act of Union, the 1715 rising and emigration to the Americas Economic impact of war and imperial expansion The Treaty of Utrecht, the South Sea Bubble and the slave-based colonial economy Consumerism, the slave-trading ports and the coffee houses Ideas of racial hierarchy, and opposition and resistance to slavery What empire did to Britain and the British Isles

The USA 1919–1948: The People and the StateDepth study

Topic overview The US economy and women in the ‘Roaring Twenties’Prohibition, the Red Scare and immigration restrictions Jim Crow, the Ku Klux Klan and attempts to combat prejudice Economic and social effects of the Great Depression and government response The Second New Deal The mobilisation of the US people for the war effort Social impact of the war The Detroit Race Riots 1943 and segregation in the armed forces The state and the American people, 1919–1948

The USA 1945–1974: The People and the StateDepth study

Topic overview Fears of Communism at home, the Red Scare and McCarthyism Jim Crow and the development and achievements of the civil rights movement Opposition to civil rights and the role of the Supreme Court and Eisenhower The roles of Kennedy and Johnson in civil rights campaigns Black Power, radical leaders, and Native American and Chicano campaigns The impact of feminism Stonewall, anti-war protest and the Great Society The state and the American people, 1945–1974

Urban Environments: Patterns of MigrationHistoric environment

Topic overview When immigrant groups arrived, why and from where Spitalfields: who came, when and why Where immigrants settled and how they were received Settling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were received The experiences of immigrants Work, housing and faith in Spitalfields Key events in local migration history Altab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in Spitalfields The impact of migration on the area Spitalfields today: impact and the multicultural community Reading an urban site for its migration history Reading the buildings, maps and records of Spitalfields

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Topic overview Viking raids and the Norman Conquest The feudal system and feudal military service War in medieval society, c.1290–c.1450 Elizabeth I’s wars with Spain, and English privateers Border warfare, the Civil Wars and the Jacobite risings Imperial wars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries The Crimean War and the Boer Wars The two world wars and the Cold War The IRA campaigns and conflict since 1945 What war did to British people and their rulers

Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration

Spitalfields: who came, when and why

3 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Where the name Spitalfields comes from, why Huguenots settled outside the City, Irish migrants in the eighteenth century and after the Famine, Jewish refugees from the 1880s, Sylhet and the lascar link, the 1962 Act, Bangladeshi families in the 1970s and the area's succession of groups.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

From which part of Bangladesh did most of the Bangladeshi migrants to Spitalfields come?

Process

How large was the Huguenot community in London by about 1700?

Process

What brought a new wave of Irish migrants to the East End in the late 1840s?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Where does the name Spitalfields come from?
Model answer
From the fields belonging to the priory and hospital of St Mary Spital, founded in 1197 just outside the walls of the City of London and closed at the Reformation.
2
Why did so many Huguenot refugees settle in Spitalfields rather than inside the City of London?
Model answer
It lay outside the City, beyond the control of its craft guilds, new streets were being built there, and French congregations and the silk trade were already established in the area.
3
How large was the Huguenot community in London by about 1700?
Model answer
Around 25,000 refugees lived in London, and there were nine French churches in the East End alone, most of them in and around Spitalfields.
4
Why did Irish migrants come to Spitalfields in the eighteenth century?
Model answer
Poverty in Ireland and slumps in its weaving trades drove Irish weavers and labourers to come to find work in the silk industry and on building sites, often for lower wages than the English.
5
What brought a new wave of Irish migrants to the East End in the late 1840s?
Model answer
The Great Famine, which drove destitute rural families into the cheapest lodging houses of Spitalfields and Whitechapel, where they lived by casual labour and street selling.
6
Why did Jewish refugees arriving in London from the 1880s settle in Spitalfields and Whitechapel?
Model answer
The area was close to the docks where they landed, rooms there were cheap, and an established Jewish community offered synagogues, charities and work in workshops run by earlier arrivals.

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Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750

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