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Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010

Jews in medieval England: treatment, integration and expulsion

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

The first Jewish settlers from Rouen, why kings valued Jewish lenders, Edward I's expulsion of 1290, life under royal protection, the Exchequer's Jewish branch, the blood libel, York in 1190, the Statute of the Jewry, community life and the Domus Conversorum.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

What was the blood libel, and where was it first made in England?

Key term

What happened at York in 1190?

Key term

Where in a medieval town would a Jewish community usually be found?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Where did the first Jewish settlers in England come from, and who encouraged them?

    Model answer

    From Rouen in Normandy, invited across by William I in the years after 1066.

  2. 2

    Why were Jewish settlers useful to Norman and Angevin kings?

    Model answer

    The Church forbade Christians to lend at interest, so Jews supplied the credit that kings, barons and abbeys needed for war and building.

  3. 3

    Which king expelled the Jews from England, and in what year?

    Model answer

    Edward I, in 1290, when the whole community of a few thousand people was ordered to leave.

  4. 4

    What did it mean that medieval Jews lived under the king’s protection?

    Model answer

    They were treated almost as royal property: the king defended them from attack, but taxed them heavily and could seize their money and the debts owed to them whenever he chose.

  5. 5

    Why did the crown set up a separate branch of the Exchequer to deal with Jewish business in the 1190s?

    Model answer

    So that every loan was registered and the king could tax it, and could claim the debt himself when a Jewish lender died.

  6. 6

    What was the blood libel, and where was it first made in England?

    Model answer

    The false accusation that Jews murdered Christian children for their rituals, first raised at Norwich in 1144 over the death of a boy named William.

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