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Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010

Industrial-age migration: the Irish, Eastern European Jews, abolition and Chartism

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Irish and Scottish migrants in the Industrial Revolution and the Great Famine, Equiano, Cugoano, the Sons of Africa and Mary Prince, William Cuffay and the Irish in Chartism, and the Eastern European Jews who came after 1881, their work, reception and impact.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

What did Olaudah Equiano do to advance the campaign against the slave trade?

Key term

Which black abolitionist demanded the immediate and complete end of slavery in a book of 1787?

Key term

What were the Sons of Africa?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What pulled Irish migrants into English and Scottish towns during the Industrial Revolution?

    Model answer

    Work that needed no training — digging canals and railways, labouring on building sites and tending machines in the mills — reached by a short, cheap crossing to Liverpool or Glasgow.

  2. 2

    How did the Great Famine change Irish migration to Britain?

    Model answer

    Between 1845 and 1849 hunger and eviction turned a steady flow into a flood, and the newcomers crowded into the worst cellars and courts of Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow.

  3. 3

    What brought Scottish migrants south into England in the same period?

    Model answer

    The Highland Clearances pushed families off the land, while Scottish engineers, doctors, gardeners and merchants moved to English cities for better-paid work.

  4. 4

    What did Olaudah Equiano do to advance the campaign against the slave trade?

    Model answer

    He published his life story in 1789 and then toured Britain for years lecturing and selling it, giving the campaign the voice of a man who had been enslaved himself.

  5. 5

    Which black abolitionist demanded the immediate and complete end of slavery in a book of 1787?

    Model answer

    Ottobah Cugoano, in his Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery.

  6. 6

    What were the Sons of Africa?

    Model answer

    A group of black Londoners, Equiano and Cugoano among them, who wrote to newspapers, politicians and public figures campaigning against the slave trade.

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