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The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730

Economic impact of war and imperial expansion

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 3

Overview

The two wars with France and their cost, the navy, why Parliament mattered, the Bank of England, East India Company goods from India and China, Kolkata, the Calico Acts and the African trade opened.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Numbers

Which two long wars did Britain fight against France between 1688 and 1713?

Key term

What did the wars do to the navy and the trades that supplied it?

Key term

Who proposed the Bank of England?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which two long wars did Britain fight against France between 1688 and 1713?

    Model answer

    The Nine Years' War of 1688–97 and the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701–13.

  2. 2

    How was the enormous cost of these wars met?

    Model answer

    By a new land tax and heavier customs and excise duties, and above all by borrowing on a scale that created a permanent national debt from 1693.

  3. 3

    What did the wars do to the navy and the trades that supplied it?

    Model answer

    The navy became the largest in Europe, and the dockyards, shipbuilding, timber, rope, sailcloth and gun trades grew with it.

  4. 4

    Why did Parliament matter more to the government after 1688 than before?

    Model answer

    Because only Parliament could vote the taxes and stand behind the loans that paid for the wars, so no monarch could rule for long without calling it.

  5. 5

    Why was the Bank of England set up in 1694?

    Model answer

    To lend the government £1.2 million for the war with France, in return for a charter and interest on the loan.

  6. 6

    Who proposed the Bank of England?

    Model answer

    The Scottish merchant William Paterson, who went on to promote the Darien Scheme.

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