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The USA 1919–1948: The People and the State

The Detroit Race Riots 1943 and segregation in the armed forces

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Racial tension in wartime Detroit, the rioting of June 1943 and its end, Black Americans in the segregated forces, the Tuskegee Airmen, Executive Order 8802 and Randolph's threatened march, and Truman's desegregation of the armed forces in 1948.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Why was there such racial tension in Detroit by 1943?

Key term

How was order restored in Detroit, and at what cost?

Who and when

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Why was there such racial tension in Detroit by 1943?

    Model answer

    War factories drew huge numbers of Black and white migrants into a city short of houses, so the races competed for homes, jobs and space, as the fight over the Sojourner Truth housing project had shown.

  2. 2

    How did the rioting of June 1943 begin and spread?

    Model answer

    Fighting broke out between Black and white crowds on Belle Isle and rumours carried the violence into the city, where mobs attacked people and looted shops for two days.

  3. 3

    How was order restored in Detroit, and at what cost?

    Model answer

    Roosevelt sent federal troops into the city; 34 people had been killed, 25 of them Black, hundreds were injured and property was destroyed.

  4. 4

    How were Black Americans treated in the wartime armed forces?

    Model answer

    They served in separate units under mostly white officers, with segregated barracks, canteens and even blood supplies, and many were given labouring rather than combat duties.

  5. 5

    Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

    Model answer

    The first Black pilots in the American air forces, trained at a segregated Alabama base, who flew fighter escort missions with distinction.

  6. 6

    How did the navy and marines treat Black recruits?

    Model answer

    The navy long confined them to cooking and cleaning duties and the marines refused them altogether until 1942, when pressure forced both to widen recruitment.

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