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International Relations: The Changing International Order 1918–1975

US withdrawal from Vietnam, opposition at home and the end of the war

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The draft, Kent State, the Pentagon Papers, Vietnamization, the Paris Peace Accords and why they failed, the fall of Saigon, American deaths, the damage to US standing, détente and the Helsinki agreement of 1975.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What was the draft, and why was it so bitterly resented?

Key term

What happened at Kent State University in May 1970?

Numbers

What were the Pentagon Papers?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What was the draft, and why was it so bitterly resented?

    Model answer

    Compulsory military service, which fell hardest on poor and black Americans because students and the well connected could avoid it.

  2. 2

    What happened at Kent State University in May 1970?

    Model answer

    National Guardsmen opened fire on a student protest and killed four young people.

  3. 3

    What were the Pentagon Papers?

    Model answer

    Secret official records published in 1971 which showed that successive governments had misled the American public about the war.

  4. 4

    What was Vietnamization?

    Model answer

    Nixon’s policy of handing the fighting over to the South Vietnamese army while American troops were steadily brought home.

  5. 5

    What was agreed in the Paris Peace Accords of January 1973?

    Model answer

    A ceasefire, the removal of all American forces within sixty days, and the return of prisoners of war.

  6. 6

    Why did the Paris agreement fail to bring peace to Vietnam?

    Model answer

    North Vietnamese troops were allowed to remain in the south, so the two Vietnamese sides fought on once the Americans had gone.

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