Key term
AQA A-Level Sociology 7192
Education
Topic overviewThe role and functions of educationClass differences in educational achievementLabelling, subcultures and processes within schoolsGender and educational achievementEthnicity and educational achievementSelection and marketisationPrivatisation and vocational educationEducational policy, equality and globalisation
Methods in Context
Theory and Methods
Culture and IdentityOptional topic
Families and HouseholdsOptional topic
Topic overviewFunctionalist views of the familyMarxist and feminist views of the familyThe New Right, postmodernism and family policyMarriage, cohabitation and divorceFamily diversity and the personal life perspectiveConjugal roles and domestic labourPower relationships and domestic violenceThe social construction of childhoodBirth rates and death ratesFamily size and the ageing populationMigration and globalisation
HealthOptional topic
Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic
Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic
Topic overviewIdeology and science as belief systemsFunctionalist views of religionMarxist and feminist views of religionReligion as a force for social changeChurches, sects, denominations and cultsNew religious movements and New Age movementsReligion, gender, ethnicity, age and social classSecularisationBelieving without belonging and postmodern religionGlobalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide
Global DevelopmentOptional topic
The MediaOptional topic
Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic
Crime and Deviance
Topic overviewFunctionalist, strain and control theories of crimeSubcultural theories of crimeInteractionism and labelling theoryMarxist and critical theories of crimeLeft and right realismGender and crimeSocial class, white-collar and corporate crimeEthnicity, policing and the criminal justice systemGlobalisation and crimeThe media, crime and fear of crimeMoral panics and the deviancy amplification spiralGreen crimeState crime and human rightsDenial, neutralisation and prosecuting state crimeSituational and environmental crime preventionRealist crime control, surveillance and the panopticonPunishment, sentencing and the criminal justice systemVictims and victimologyCrime prevention strategies and their limits
Crime and Deviance
Denial, neutralisation and prosecuting state crime
- 1 thing to know
- Paper 3
Overview
The techniques of neutralisation, Cohen's spiral of denial, zemiology, and why state crime stays invisible.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is 'denial of victim' as a technique of neutralisation used by states?
Model answer
Claiming that those harmed deserved their treatment or were not really victims.
- 2
How do states use 'denial of injury' to justify their crimes?
Model answer
By claiming that no real harm was done by their actions.
- 3
What is 'denial of responsibility' in the context of state crime?
Model answer
States claim they were not responsible for harmful actions, perhaps blaming circumstances or subordinates.
- 4
How does 'condemning the condemners' work as a neutralisation technique?
Model answer
States deflect criticism by attacking those who accuse them, questioning their motives or credibility.
- 5
What is 'appeal to higher loyalty' as a state justification for crime?
Model answer
Claiming that actions were necessary to serve a greater good, such as national security.
- 6
What is literal denial in Stan Cohen's spiral of denial?
Model answer
The state denies that events occurred at all.
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