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Theory and Methods

Modernity and post-modernity

  • 3 things to know
  • Papers 1 and 3

Overview

Industrialisation, nation-states and belief in progress, set against fragmentation, media saturation and the rejection of grand narratives.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What are the defining features of modernity?

Key term

How do rational thinking, belief in progress and globalisation feature in accounts of modernity?

Process

What characterises post-modernity, and how does it challenge sociology's claim to objectivity?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How is industrialisation a characteristic of modernity?

    Model answer

    Industrialisation involves the shift from agricultural to factory-based production, transforming economic organisation and social relationships.

  2. 2

    How is urbanisation associated with modernity?

    Model answer

    Urbanisation involves the growth of cities and movement of populations from rural to urban areas, changing patterns of social life and community.

  3. 3

    What role do nation-states play as a feature of modernity?

    Model answer

    Nation-states are centralised political units with defined territories and sovereignty, providing the dominant form of political organisation in modern societies.

  4. 4

    What does rational-scientific thinking mean as a characteristic of modernity?

    Model answer

    Rational-scientific thinking involves using reason, logic and empirical evidence rather than tradition or religion to understand and explain the world.

  5. 5

    What is the belief in progress associated with modernity?

    Model answer

    The belief in progress is the idea that society is continually improving through scientific advancement, rational planning and human effort.

  6. 6

    What are grand narratives in the context of modernity?

    Model answer

    Grand narratives are overarching theories or stories that claim to explain social development and history, such as Marxism or the Enlightenment idea of progress.

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