How are health chances distributed by social class in the UK?

They are unequally distributed, with those in lower social classes experiencing higher rates of morbidity and mortality.

What factors do material or structural explanations identify as causes of class inequalities in health?

Poverty, poor housing, hazardous working conditions and inability to afford healthy lifestyles.

What do cultural or behavioural explanations attribute class inequalities in health to?

Lifestyle choices such as smoking, diet and exercise that vary by social class.

What do artefact explanations suggest about class differences in health?

That they are a statistical illusion produced by the way class and health are measured.

What do social selection or drift explanations argue about the relationship between class and health?

That poor health causes downward social mobility rather than low class causing poor health.

What pattern do gender differences in health show regarding morbidity and mortality?

Women have higher morbidity rates but men have higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy.

AQA A-Level Sociology 7192

Education

Topic overview The role and functions of education Class differences in educational achievement Labelling, subcultures and processes within schools Gender and educational achievement Ethnicity and educational achievement Selection and marketisation Privatisation and vocational education Educational policy, equality and globalisation

Methods in Context

Topic overview Access, gatekeepers and research ethics in schools Choosing methods for research in schools Data, theory and validity in educational research

Theory and Methods

Topic overview Research design and choosing a method Sources of data and types of data Positivism, interpretivism and research ethics Consensus, conflict, structural and social action theories Modernity and post-modernity Is sociology a science?Objectivity, value freedom and social policy

Culture and IdentityOptional topic

Topic overview Conceptions of culture Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation The self, identity and difference Identity, age, disability, ethnicity, gender and class Identity, production, consumption and globalisation

Families and HouseholdsOptional topic

Topic overview Functionalist views of the family Marxist and feminist views of the family The New Right, postmodernism and family policy Marriage, cohabitation and divorce Family diversity and the personal life perspective Conjugal roles and domestic labour Power relationships and domestic violence The social construction of childhood Birth rates and death rates Family size and the ageing population Migration and globalisation

HealthOptional topic

Topic overview The social construction of health and models of illness Class and gender inequalities in health Ethnic and regional inequality, and access to health care Mental illness and the power of the medical profession The sick role and the globalised health industry

Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic

Topic overview Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution The welfare state and welfare provision The division of labour and the control of work Work, worklessness and life chances Globalisation and the global division of labour

Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic

Topic overview Ideology and science as belief systems Functionalist views of religion Marxist and feminist views of religion Religion as a force for social change Churches, sects, denominations and cults New religious movements and New Age movements Religion, gender, ethnicity, age and social class Secularisation Believing without belonging and postmodern religion Globalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide

Global DevelopmentOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of development and underdevelopment Globalisation, transnational corporations and aid agencies Aid, trade, industrialisation and urbanisation Environment, conflict and human development Population, gender and postcolonial critiques

The MediaOptional topic

Topic overview The new media and its significance Ownership, control and media globalisation The selection and presentation of the news Media representations of social groups Media effects and models of the audience Reception analysis and selective filtering

Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of stratification Life chances and dimensions of inequality Defining and measuring social class Changing structures of inequality and globalisation Social mobility

Crime and Deviance

Health

Class and gender inequalities in health

3 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

The material, cultural, artefact and social selection explanations, and the gender pattern of morbidity and mortality.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

How are health chances distributed by social class, and what explains it?

Numbers

What explanations are offered for class differences in health?

Process

What explains gender differences in health?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
How are health chances distributed by social class in the UK?
Model answer
They are unequally distributed, with those in lower social classes experiencing higher rates of morbidity and mortality.
2
What factors do material or structural explanations identify as causes of class inequalities in health?
Model answer
Poverty, poor housing, hazardous working conditions and inability to afford healthy lifestyles.
3
What do cultural or behavioural explanations attribute class inequalities in health to?
Model answer
Lifestyle choices such as smoking, diet and exercise that vary by social class.
4
What do artefact explanations suggest about class differences in health?
Model answer
That they are a statistical illusion produced by the way class and health are measured.
5
What do social selection or drift explanations argue about the relationship between class and health?
Model answer
That poor health causes downward social mobility rather than low class causing poor health.
6
What pattern do gender differences in health show regarding morbidity and mortality?
Model answer
Women have higher morbidity rates but men have higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy.

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Education

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