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Stratification and Differentiation

Theories of stratification

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  • Paper 2

Overview

Marx on class and exploitation, Weber on class, status and party, and the functionalist case of Davis and Moore.

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Who and when

How does Marxist theory explain exploitation and the driving force of social change?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is social stratification?

    Model answer

    The hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups into layers or strata based on unequal access to resources, power and prestige.

  2. 2

    In Marxist theory, what is the relationship of the bourgeoisie to the means of production?

    Model answer

    The bourgeoisie own the means of production.

  3. 3

    According to Marx, how does the proletariat survive economically?

    Model answer

    The proletariat sell their labour power to the bourgeoisie.

  4. 4

    How does exploitation occur in Marxist theory?

    Model answer

    Through the extraction of surplus value from workers' labour by the bourgeoisie.

  5. 5

    What does Marxist theory identify as the driving force of social change?

    Model answer

    Class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat.

  6. 6

    In Weber's theory, what determines an individual's class position?

    Model answer

    Market position and life chances.

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