What is meant by the term 'culture' in sociology?

Culture refers to the shared norms, values, beliefs, customs, language and practices of a social group that are learned and transmitted across generations.

How is culture transmitted within a society?

Culture is learned and transmitted across generations through socialisation processes.

What is a subculture?

A subculture is a smaller group within a larger culture that shares distinctive norms, values and practices while still being part of the mainstream culture.

How does a subculture relate to the mainstream culture it exists within?

A subculture maintains distinctive characteristics while remaining part of the mainstream culture rather than being entirely separate from it.

What two features are commonly associated with mass culture?

Commercialisation and standardisation.

AQA A-Level Sociology 7192

Education

Topic overview The role and functions of education Class differences in educational achievement Labelling, subcultures and processes within schools Gender and educational achievement Ethnicity and educational achievement Selection and marketisation Privatisation and vocational education Educational policy, equality and globalisation

Methods in Context

Topic overview Access, gatekeepers and research ethics in schools Choosing methods for research in schools Data, theory and validity in educational research

Theory and Methods

Topic overview Research design and choosing a method Sources of data and types of data Positivism, interpretivism and research ethics Consensus, conflict, structural and social action theories Modernity and post-modernity Is sociology a science?Objectivity, value freedom and social policy

Culture and IdentityOptional topic

Topic overview Conceptions of culture Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation The self, identity and difference Identity, age, disability, ethnicity, gender and class Identity, production, consumption and globalisation

Families and HouseholdsOptional topic

Topic overview Functionalist views of the family Marxist and feminist views of the family The New Right, postmodernism and family policy Marriage, cohabitation and divorce Family diversity and the personal life perspective Conjugal roles and domestic labour Power relationships and domestic violence The social construction of childhood Birth rates and death rates Family size and the ageing population Migration and globalisation

HealthOptional topic

Topic overview The social construction of health and models of illness Class and gender inequalities in health Ethnic and regional inequality, and access to health care Mental illness and the power of the medical profession The sick role and the globalised health industry

Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic

Topic overview Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution The welfare state and welfare provision The division of labour and the control of work Work, worklessness and life chances Globalisation and the global division of labour

Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic

Topic overview Ideology and science as belief systems Functionalist views of religion Marxist and feminist views of religion Religion as a force for social change Churches, sects, denominations and cults New religious movements and New Age movements Religion, gender, ethnicity, age and social class Secularisation Believing without belonging and postmodern religion Globalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide

Global DevelopmentOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of development and underdevelopment Globalisation, transnational corporations and aid agencies Aid, trade, industrialisation and urbanisation Environment, conflict and human development Population, gender and postcolonial critiques

The MediaOptional topic

Topic overview The new media and its significance Ownership, control and media globalisation The selection and presentation of the news Media representations of social groups Media effects and models of the audience Reception analysis and selective filtering

Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of stratification Life chances and dimensions of inequality Defining and measuring social class Changing structures of inequality and globalisation Social mobility

Crime and Deviance

Culture and Identity

Conceptions of culture

2 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

Subculture, mass, folk, high, low, popular and global culture, and why the high and low distinction is socially constructed.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

What is mass culture, and how does a subculture relate to the mainstream?

Key term

How do folk culture and high culture differ in their value and their social base?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is meant by the term 'culture' in sociology?
Model answer
Culture refers to the shared norms, values, beliefs, customs, language and practices of a social group that are learned and transmitted across generations.
2
How is culture transmitted within a society?
Model answer
Culture is learned and transmitted across generations through socialisation processes.
3
What is a subculture?
Model answer
A subculture is a smaller group within a larger culture that shares distinctive norms, values and practices while still being part of the mainstream culture.
4
How does a subculture relate to the mainstream culture it exists within?
Model answer
A subculture maintains distinctive characteristics while remaining part of the mainstream culture rather than being entirely separate from it.
5
What is mass culture?
Model answer
Mass culture refers to cultural products produced on a large scale for mass consumption, often associated with commercialisation and standardisation.
6
What two features are commonly associated with mass culture?
Model answer
Commercialisation and standardisation.

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Education

Methods in Context

Theory and Methods

Culture and Identity

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