How has the gender gap in educational achievement changed historically in the UK?

Girls now outperform boys at all levels of education, a reversal of historical patterns where boys achieved more.

How has feminism contributed to girls' improved educational achievement?

Feminism has challenged traditional gender roles and raised expectations for women's education and careers.

How have changes in family structure contributed to girls' improved achievement?

Increases in divorce and lone-parent families have shown girls they may need to support themselves financially.

How has increased female employment contributed to girls' improved educational achievement?

More women in paid work provides role models and demonstrates the value of qualifications for career success.

How have girls' aspirations changed as an external factor in their improved achievement?

Girls now have higher aspirations for education and careers than in the past.

How have equal opportunities policies in schools contributed to girls' improved achievement?

Policies promoting gender equality have challenged stereotypes and encouraged girls to achieve.

AQA A-Level Sociology 7192

Education

Topic overview The role and functions of education Class differences in educational achievement Labelling, subcultures and processes within schools Gender and educational achievement Ethnicity and educational achievement Selection and marketisation Privatisation and vocational education Educational policy, equality and globalisation

Methods in Context

Topic overview Access, gatekeepers and research ethics in schools Choosing methods for research in schools Data, theory and validity in educational research

Theory and Methods

Topic overview Research design and choosing a method Sources of data and types of data Positivism, interpretivism and research ethics Consensus, conflict, structural and social action theories Modernity and post-modernity Is sociology a science?Objectivity, value freedom and social policy

Culture and IdentityOptional topic

Topic overview Conceptions of culture Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation The self, identity and difference Identity, age, disability, ethnicity, gender and class Identity, production, consumption and globalisation

Families and HouseholdsOptional topic

Topic overview Functionalist views of the family Marxist and feminist views of the family The New Right, postmodernism and family policy Marriage, cohabitation and divorce Family diversity and the personal life perspective Conjugal roles and domestic labour Power relationships and domestic violence The social construction of childhood Birth rates and death rates Family size and the ageing population Migration and globalisation

HealthOptional topic

Topic overview The social construction of health and models of illness Class and gender inequalities in health Ethnic and regional inequality, and access to health care Mental illness and the power of the medical profession The sick role and the globalised health industry

Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic

Topic overview Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution The welfare state and welfare provision The division of labour and the control of work Work, worklessness and life chances Globalisation and the global division of labour

Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic

Topic overview Ideology and science as belief systems Functionalist views of religion Marxist and feminist views of religion Religion as a force for social change Churches, sects, denominations and cults New religious movements and New Age movements Religion, gender, ethnicity, age and social class Secularisation Believing without belonging and postmodern religion Globalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide

Global DevelopmentOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of development and underdevelopment Globalisation, transnational corporations and aid agencies Aid, trade, industrialisation and urbanisation Environment, conflict and human development Population, gender and postcolonial critiques

The MediaOptional topic

Topic overview The new media and its significance Ownership, control and media globalisation The selection and presentation of the news Media representations of social groups Media effects and models of the audience Reception analysis and selective filtering

Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of stratification Life chances and dimensions of inequality Defining and measuring social class Changing structures of inequality and globalisation Social mobility

Crime and Deviance

Education

Gender and educational achievement

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Why girls now outperform boys, the explanations for boys' underachievement, and what feminists still say limits girls.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

What external changes have improved girls' educational achievement?

Process

What explanations are given for boys' underachievement?

Process

How do literacy, assessment and classroom interaction produce gender differences in school?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
How has the gender gap in educational achievement changed historically in the UK?
Model answer
Girls now outperform boys at all levels of education, a reversal of historical patterns where boys achieved more.
2
How has feminism contributed to girls' improved educational achievement?
Model answer
Feminism has challenged traditional gender roles and raised expectations for women's education and careers.
3
How have changes in family structure contributed to girls' improved achievement?
Model answer
Increases in divorce and lone-parent families have shown girls they may need to support themselves financially.
4
How has increased female employment contributed to girls' improved educational achievement?
Model answer
More women in paid work provides role models and demonstrates the value of qualifications for career success.
5
How have girls' aspirations changed as an external factor in their improved achievement?
Model answer
Girls now have higher aspirations for education and careers than in the past.
6
How have equal opportunities policies in schools contributed to girls' improved achievement?
Model answer
Policies promoting gender equality have challenged stereotypes and encouraged girls to achieve.

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Education

Methods in Context

Theory and Methods

Culture and Identity

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