Evaluation
AQA A-Level Sociology 7192
Education
Topic overviewThe role and functions of educationClass differences in educational achievementLabelling, subcultures and processes within schoolsGender and educational achievementEthnicity and educational achievementSelection and marketisationPrivatisation and vocational educationEducational policy, equality and globalisation
Methods in Context
Theory and Methods
Culture and IdentityOptional topic
Families and HouseholdsOptional topic
Topic overviewFunctionalist views of the familyMarxist and feminist views of the familyThe New Right, postmodernism and family policyMarriage, cohabitation and divorceFamily diversity and the personal life perspectiveConjugal roles and domestic labourPower relationships and domestic violenceThe social construction of childhoodBirth rates and death ratesFamily size and the ageing populationMigration and globalisation
HealthOptional topic
Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic
Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic
Topic overviewIdeology and science as belief systemsFunctionalist views of religionMarxist and feminist views of religionReligion as a force for social changeChurches, sects, denominations and cultsNew religious movements and New Age movementsReligion, gender, ethnicity, age and social classSecularisationBelieving without belonging and postmodern religionGlobalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide
Global DevelopmentOptional topic
The MediaOptional topic
Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic
Crime and Deviance
Topic overviewFunctionalist, strain and control theories of crimeSubcultural theories of crimeInteractionism and labelling theoryMarxist and critical theories of crimeLeft and right realismGender and crimeSocial class, white-collar and corporate crimeEthnicity, policing and the criminal justice systemGlobalisation and crimeThe media, crime and fear of crimeMoral panics and the deviancy amplification spiralGreen crimeState crime and human rightsDenial, neutralisation and prosecuting state crimeSituational and environmental crime preventionRealist crime control, surveillance and the panopticonPunishment, sentencing and the criminal justice systemVictims and victimologyCrime prevention strategies and their limits
Crime and Deviance
Left and right realism
- 3 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
Murray's underclass and rational choice on one side, relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation on the other.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Evaluation
What is the starting point of left realism?
Key term
What three causes of crime do left realists identify?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How do right realists view the causes of crime overall?
Model answer
They see crime as a real and growing problem rooted in individuals and their choices rather than in social structure, and they concentrate on practical control of crime rather than on tackling root causes such as poverty.
- 2
What did Wilson and Herrnstein argue about the causes of crime?
Model answer
They offered a biosocial explanation, arguing that crime results from a combination of biological factors, such as low intelligence or an impulsive personality, and inadequate socialisation.
- 3
How does Charles Murray link crime to the underclass?
Model answer
He argues that a growing underclass, produced by welfare dependency and the rise of lone-parent families, fails to socialise children properly; absent fathers leave boys without male role models or discipline, increasing crime.
- 4
What does rational choice theory, associated with Clarke, say about offending?
Model answer
That offenders weigh up the likely costs and benefits of a crime, and are more likely to offend when the perceived rewards are high and the risk of being caught is low, so raising the risks can reduce crime.
- 5
What is the routine activity theory associated with Felson?
Model answer
That crime is likely when three elements come together: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian such as the police, CCTV or a watchful neighbour.
- 6
What is the broken windows thesis of Wilson and Kelling?
Model answer
That where visible signs of disorder such as broken windows, graffiti and begging are left untackled, they signal that no one cares, which encourages more serious crime; the remedy is to tackle disorder early through zero-tolerance policing.
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