Key term
AQA A-Level Sociology 7192
Education
Topic overviewThe role and functions of educationClass differences in educational achievementLabelling, subcultures and processes within schoolsGender and educational achievementEthnicity and educational achievementSelection and marketisationPrivatisation and vocational educationEducational policy, equality and globalisation
Methods in Context
Theory and Methods
Culture and IdentityOptional topic
Families and HouseholdsOptional topic
Topic overviewFunctionalist views of the familyMarxist and feminist views of the familyThe New Right, postmodernism and family policyMarriage, cohabitation and divorceFamily diversity and the personal life perspectiveConjugal roles and domestic labourPower relationships and domestic violenceThe social construction of childhoodBirth rates and death ratesFamily size and the ageing populationMigration and globalisation
HealthOptional topic
Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic
Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic
Topic overviewIdeology and science as belief systemsFunctionalist views of religionMarxist and feminist views of religionReligion as a force for social changeChurches, sects, denominations and cultsNew religious movements and New Age movementsReligion, gender, ethnicity, age and social classSecularisationBelieving without belonging and postmodern religionGlobalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide
Global DevelopmentOptional topic
The MediaOptional topic
Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic
Crime and Deviance
Topic overviewFunctionalist, strain and control theories of crimeSubcultural theories of crimeInteractionism and labelling theoryMarxist and critical theories of crimeLeft and right realismGender and crimeSocial class, white-collar and corporate crimeEthnicity, policing and the criminal justice systemGlobalisation and crimeThe media, crime and fear of crimeMoral panics and the deviancy amplification spiralGreen crimeState crime and human rightsDenial, neutralisation and prosecuting state crimeSituational and environmental crime preventionRealist crime control, surveillance and the panopticonPunishment, sentencing and the criminal justice systemVictims and victimologyCrime prevention strategies and their limits
Work, Poverty and Welfare
Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Absolute and relative poverty, the culture of poverty and underclass theses, social exclusion, and how poverty, wealth and income are distributed.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Who and when
How do Marxists and functionalists explain the existence of poverty?
Key term
How do wealth and income differ, and which groups are most vulnerable to poverty?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is absolute poverty?
Model answer
A condition where individuals lack the minimum resources necessary for basic physical survival, such as food, shelter, and clothing.
- 2
What is relative poverty?
Model answer
A condition where individuals lack the resources to participate in the standard of living considered normal in their society.
- 3
What is the key distinction between absolute and relative poverty?
Model answer
Absolute poverty is based on fixed subsistence needs, while relative poverty is based on comparison to prevailing social standards in a particular society.
- 4
How do functionalists explain the existence of poverty in society?
Model answer
Functionalists argue that poverty serves functions for society, such as ensuring low-paid work is done and reinforcing the work ethic.
- 5
How do Marxists explain poverty?
Model answer
Marxists argue that poverty is an inevitable consequence of capitalism, serving to discipline the workforce and maintain a reserve army of labour.
- 6
What is the culture of poverty thesis and who is it associated with?
Model answer
Associated with Oscar Lewis, it suggests poverty persists because the poor develop a distinct subculture with values that perpetuate their disadvantage across generations.
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