Who and when
AQA A-Level Sociology 7192
Education
Topic overviewThe role and functions of educationClass differences in educational achievementLabelling, subcultures and processes within schoolsGender and educational achievementEthnicity and educational achievementSelection and marketisationPrivatisation and vocational educationEducational policy, equality and globalisation
Methods in Context
Theory and Methods
Culture and IdentityOptional topic
Families and HouseholdsOptional topic
Topic overviewFunctionalist views of the familyMarxist and feminist views of the familyThe New Right, postmodernism and family policyMarriage, cohabitation and divorceFamily diversity and the personal life perspectiveConjugal roles and domestic labourPower relationships and domestic violenceThe social construction of childhoodBirth rates and death ratesFamily size and the ageing populationMigration and globalisation
HealthOptional topic
Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic
Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic
Topic overviewIdeology and science as belief systemsFunctionalist views of religionMarxist and feminist views of religionReligion as a force for social changeChurches, sects, denominations and cultsNew religious movements and New Age movementsReligion, gender, ethnicity, age and social classSecularisationBelieving without belonging and postmodern religionGlobalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide
Global DevelopmentOptional topic
The MediaOptional topic
Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic
Crime and Deviance
Topic overviewFunctionalist, strain and control theories of crimeSubcultural theories of crimeInteractionism and labelling theoryMarxist and critical theories of crimeLeft and right realismGender and crimeSocial class, white-collar and corporate crimeEthnicity, policing and the criminal justice systemGlobalisation and crimeThe media, crime and fear of crimeMoral panics and the deviancy amplification spiralGreen crimeState crime and human rightsDenial, neutralisation and prosecuting state crimeSituational and environmental crime preventionRealist crime control, surveillance and the panopticonPunishment, sentencing and the criminal justice systemVictims and victimologyCrime prevention strategies and their limits
Crime and Deviance
Interactionism and labelling theory
- 3 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
Primary and secondary deviance, typifications, the deviant career, and deviancy amplification.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Who and when
What is secondary deviance, and how does social reaction amplify it?
Who and when
What is the difference between reintegrative and disintegrative shaming in Braithwaite's theory?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the core claim of labelling theory about deviance?
Model answer
No act is deviant in itself; deviance is created by social reaction. An act only becomes deviant when others successfully attach the label to it, so deviance lies in the reaction rather than the act.
- 2
How did Becker define the deviant?
Model answer
As someone to whom the label 'deviant' has been successfully applied, so that deviant behaviour is simply behaviour that people have labelled as such.
- 3
What are moral entrepreneurs in Becker's theory?
Model answer
Powerful individuals or groups who lead campaigns, or moral crusades, to create or enforce rules, thereby defining certain acts and the people who commit them as deviant.
- 4
What did Lemert mean by primary deviance?
Model answer
Deviant acts that have not been publicly labelled. They are often trivial and widespread and have little effect on the individual's self-concept or status.
- 5
What did Lemert mean by secondary deviance?
Model answer
Deviance that is the result of societal reaction and labelling. Once publicly labelled, a person may be treated as a deviant, take on a deviant identity and go on to commit further deviance.
- 6
What is a master status in labelling theory?
Model answer
A label, such as 'criminal' or 'thief', that overrides all of a person's other characteristics and becomes the main way society sees and responds to them.
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