AQA A-Level Sociology 7192
Education
Methods in Context
Theory and Methods
Culture and IdentityOptional topic
Families and HouseholdsOptional topic
HealthOptional topic
Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic
Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic
Global DevelopmentOptional topic
The MediaOptional topic
Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic
Crime and Deviance
Health
The social construction of health and models of illness
- 1 thing to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The biomedical and social models, and the distinction between impairment and disability.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does the social construction of health mean?
Model answer
It means that definitions of health and illness are not purely biological but are shaped by cultural, historical and social factors.
- 2
Why do sociologists argue that illness is socially constructed?
Model answer
Because what counts as an illness varies between societies and over time, reflecting social norms and power relations rather than objective medical criteria alone.
- 3
In the social construction of disability, what is the distinction between impairment and disability?
Model answer
Impairment refers to physical or mental limitation, while disability refers to the social barriers and discrimination that disable people with impairments.
- 4
What does the social construction of the body refer to?
Model answer
It refers to how bodily ideals, norms and practices are shaped by culture, gender expectations, media and social institutions rather than being purely natural.
- 5
How does the biomedical model define health?
Model answer
As the absence of disease.
- 6
What does the biomedical model emphasise regarding the causes of illness?
Model answer
It focuses on biological causation of disease.
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