What is socialisation?

Socialisation is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviours and social skills necessary to participate in society.

Why is socialisation described as a lifelong process?

Because individuals continue to learn norms, values, behaviours and social skills throughout their lives, not just in childhood.

How does secondary socialisation differ from primary socialisation in terms of timing and agencies involved?

Secondary socialisation occurs later in life through agencies beyond the family, whereas primary socialisation occurs in early childhood mainly within the family.

What does the family transmit to children as an agency of socialisation?

The family transmits cultural values, gender roles, religious beliefs and class-based attitudes to children.

How does education function as an agency of socialisation?

Education transmits knowledge, skills, norms and values, and prepares individuals for roles in wider society.

AQA A-Level Sociology 7192

Education

Topic overview The role and functions of education Class differences in educational achievement Labelling, subcultures and processes within schools Gender and educational achievement Ethnicity and educational achievement Selection and marketisation Privatisation and vocational education Educational policy, equality and globalisation

Methods in Context

Topic overview Access, gatekeepers and research ethics in schools Choosing methods for research in schools Data, theory and validity in educational research

Theory and Methods

Topic overview Research design and choosing a method Sources of data and types of data Positivism, interpretivism and research ethics Consensus, conflict, structural and social action theories Modernity and post-modernity Is sociology a science?Objectivity, value freedom and social policy

Culture and IdentityOptional topic

Topic overview Conceptions of culture Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation The self, identity and difference Identity, age, disability, ethnicity, gender and class Identity, production, consumption and globalisation

Families and HouseholdsOptional topic

Topic overview Functionalist views of the family Marxist and feminist views of the family The New Right, postmodernism and family policy Marriage, cohabitation and divorce Family diversity and the personal life perspective Conjugal roles and domestic labour Power relationships and domestic violence The social construction of childhood Birth rates and death rates Family size and the ageing population Migration and globalisation

HealthOptional topic

Topic overview The social construction of health and models of illness Class and gender inequalities in health Ethnic and regional inequality, and access to health care Mental illness and the power of the medical profession The sick role and the globalised health industry

Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic

Topic overview Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution The welfare state and welfare provision The division of labour and the control of work Work, worklessness and life chances Globalisation and the global division of labour

Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic

Topic overview Ideology and science as belief systems Functionalist views of religion Marxist and feminist views of religion Religion as a force for social change Churches, sects, denominations and cults New religious movements and New Age movements Religion, gender, ethnicity, age and social class Secularisation Believing without belonging and postmodern religion Globalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide

Global DevelopmentOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of development and underdevelopment Globalisation, transnational corporations and aid agencies Aid, trade, industrialisation and urbanisation Environment, conflict and human development Population, gender and postcolonial critiques

The MediaOptional topic

Topic overview The new media and its significance Ownership, control and media globalisation The selection and presentation of the news Media representations of social groups Media effects and models of the audience Reception analysis and selective filtering

Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of stratification Life chances and dimensions of inequality Defining and measuring social class Changing structures of inequality and globalisation Social mobility

Crime and Deviance

Culture and Identity

Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation

2 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

Primary and secondary socialisation, and the part played by family, education, peers, media, religion and work.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

How does secondary socialisation differ from primary socialisation, and what does the family transmit?

Process

What do religion, the mass media and the workplace transmit as agencies of socialisation?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is socialisation?
Model answer
Socialisation is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviours and social skills necessary to participate in society.
2
Why is socialisation described as a lifelong process?
Model answer
Because individuals continue to learn norms, values, behaviours and social skills throughout their lives, not just in childhood.
3
Which agency is primarily responsible for primary socialisation?
Model answer
The family.
4
How does secondary socialisation differ from primary socialisation in terms of timing and agencies involved?
Model answer
Secondary socialisation occurs later in life through agencies beyond the family, whereas primary socialisation occurs in early childhood mainly within the family.
5
What does the family transmit to children as an agency of socialisation?
Model answer
The family transmits cultural values, gender roles, religious beliefs and class-based attitudes to children.
6
How does education function as an agency of socialisation?
Model answer
Education transmits knowledge, skills, norms and values, and prepares individuals for roles in wider society.

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Education

Methods in Context

Theory and Methods

Culture and Identity

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