Which demographic groups are overrepresented in the criminal justice system according to official crime statistics?

Young males from lower social classes and certain ethnic minority groups are overrepresented in the criminal justice system.

How does the representation of working-class individuals in official crime statistics compare to middle and upper classes?

Working-class individuals are overrepresented in official crime statistics compared to middle-class and upper-class individuals.

Define white-collar crime.

White-collar crime refers to crimes committed by people of high social status in the course of their occupation, such as fraud, tax evasion, and insider trading.

Why is middle-class and corporate crime underrepresented in official statistics?

Due to its invisibility, complexity, and the resources offenders have to avoid detection and prosecution.

What has been the overall trend in crime in England and Wales since the mid-1990s?

Crime measured by the Crime Survey for England and Wales has fallen substantially since the mid-1990s, though police recorded crime has risen since the mid-2010s, largely because of improved recording.

AQA A-Level Sociology 7192

Education

Topic overview The role and functions of education Class differences in educational achievement Labelling, subcultures and processes within schools Gender and educational achievement Ethnicity and educational achievement Selection and marketisation Privatisation and vocational education Educational policy, equality and globalisation

Methods in Context

Topic overview Access, gatekeepers and research ethics in schools Choosing methods for research in schools Data, theory and validity in educational research

Theory and Methods

Topic overview Research design and choosing a method Sources of data and types of data Positivism, interpretivism and research ethics Consensus, conflict, structural and social action theories Modernity and post-modernity Is sociology a science?Objectivity, value freedom and social policy

Culture and IdentityOptional topic

Topic overview Conceptions of culture Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation The self, identity and difference Identity, age, disability, ethnicity, gender and class Identity, production, consumption and globalisation

Families and HouseholdsOptional topic

Topic overview Functionalist views of the family Marxist and feminist views of the family The New Right, postmodernism and family policy Marriage, cohabitation and divorce Family diversity and the personal life perspective Conjugal roles and domestic labour Power relationships and domestic violence The social construction of childhood Birth rates and death rates Family size and the ageing population Migration and globalisation

HealthOptional topic

Topic overview The social construction of health and models of illness Class and gender inequalities in health Ethnic and regional inequality, and access to health care Mental illness and the power of the medical profession The sick role and the globalised health industry

Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic

Topic overview Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution The welfare state and welfare provision The division of labour and the control of work Work, worklessness and life chances Globalisation and the global division of labour

Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic

Topic overview Ideology and science as belief systems Functionalist views of religion Marxist and feminist views of religion Religion as a force for social change Churches, sects, denominations and cults New religious movements and New Age movements Religion, gender, ethnicity, age and social class Secularisation Believing without belonging and postmodern religion Globalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide

Global DevelopmentOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of development and underdevelopment Globalisation, transnational corporations and aid agencies Aid, trade, industrialisation and urbanisation Environment, conflict and human development Population, gender and postcolonial critiques

The MediaOptional topic

Topic overview The new media and its significance Ownership, control and media globalisation The selection and presentation of the news Media representations of social groups Media effects and models of the audience Reception analysis and selective filtering

Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of stratification Life chances and dimensions of inequality Defining and measuring social class Changing structures of inequality and globalisation Social mobility

Crime and Deviance

Social class, white-collar and corporate crime

2 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Why working-class offending dominates the statistics, and why white-collar and corporate crime does not.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

What is corporate crime, and why is it under-represented in the statistics?

Key term

Which types of crime have shown significant increases as recent trends in criminal activity?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Which demographic groups are overrepresented in the criminal justice system according to official crime statistics?
Model answer
Young males from lower social classes and certain ethnic minority groups are overrepresented in the criminal justice system.
2
How does the representation of working-class individuals in official crime statistics compare to middle and upper classes?
Model answer
Working-class individuals are overrepresented in official crime statistics compared to middle-class and upper-class individuals.
3
Define white-collar crime.
Model answer
White-collar crime refers to crimes committed by people of high social status in the course of their occupation, such as fraud, tax evasion, and insider trading.
4
What is corporate crime?
Model answer
Corporate crime refers to offences committed by companies or employees acting on behalf of companies, including health and safety violations, environmental crimes, and financial fraud.
5
Why is middle-class and corporate crime underrepresented in official statistics?
Model answer
Due to its invisibility, complexity, and the resources offenders have to avoid detection and prosecution.
6
What has been the overall trend in crime in England and Wales since the mid-1990s?
Model answer
Crime measured by the Crime Survey for England and Wales has fallen substantially since the mid-1990s, though police recorded crime has risen since the mid-2010s, largely because of improved recording.

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Education

Methods in Context

Theory and Methods

Culture and Identity

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The product belongs to the .

capitalistworkerconsumer

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AAll change begins with an act of deviance.

BToday's deviance can become tomorrow's normality.

CCrime provokes a collective reaction.

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