What proportion of all known offenders are male?

Males account for approximately 75-80% of all known offenders.

What is the gender gap in offending?

The gender gap in offending refers to the consistent finding across time and place that males commit more crime than females, particularly violent and serious crime.

What types of offences are women's crimes more likely to involve?

Women's crime tends to be less serious, less violent, and more likely to involve shoplifting, benefit fraud, and prostitution-related offences.

What does the chivalry thesis suggest about women's treatment in the criminal justice system?

The chivalry thesis suggests that women receive more lenient treatment because male police officers, judges and magistrates act in a protective manner towards women.

Why might the chivalry thesis and double deviance thesis lead to contradictory predictions about how women are treated by the criminal justice system?

The chivalry thesis predicts leniency towards women, while the double deviance thesis predicts harsher treatment; the outcome may depend on whether the woman's crime conforms to or violates gender expectations.

Why does the double deviance thesis argue that female offenders are judged more harshly?

Because women who commit crime are seen as having deviated from both the law and from gender norms of femininity, leading to harsher judgement.

AQA A-Level Sociology 7192

Education

Topic overview The role and functions of education Class differences in educational achievement Labelling, subcultures and processes within schools Gender and educational achievement Ethnicity and educational achievement Selection and marketisation Privatisation and vocational education Educational policy, equality and globalisation

Methods in Context

Topic overview Access, gatekeepers and research ethics in schools Choosing methods for research in schools Data, theory and validity in educational research

Theory and Methods

Topic overview Research design and choosing a method Sources of data and types of data Positivism, interpretivism and research ethics Consensus, conflict, structural and social action theories Modernity and post-modernity Is sociology a science?Objectivity, value freedom and social policy

Culture and IdentityOptional topic

Topic overview Conceptions of culture Socialisation and the agencies of socialisation The self, identity and difference Identity, age, disability, ethnicity, gender and class Identity, production, consumption and globalisation

Families and HouseholdsOptional topic

Topic overview Functionalist views of the family Marxist and feminist views of the family The New Right, postmodernism and family policy Marriage, cohabitation and divorce Family diversity and the personal life perspective Conjugal roles and domestic labour Power relationships and domestic violence The social construction of childhood Birth rates and death rates Family size and the ageing population Migration and globalisation

HealthOptional topic

Topic overview The social construction of health and models of illness Class and gender inequalities in health Ethnic and regional inequality, and access to health care Mental illness and the power of the medical profession The sick role and the globalised health industry

Work, Poverty and WelfareOptional topic

Topic overview Poverty: definitions, explanations and distribution The welfare state and welfare provision The division of labour and the control of work Work, worklessness and life chances Globalisation and the global division of labour

Beliefs in SocietyOptional topic

Topic overview Ideology and science as belief systems Functionalist views of religion Marxist and feminist views of religion Religion as a force for social change Churches, sects, denominations and cults New religious movements and New Age movements Religion, gender, ethnicity, age and social class Secularisation Believing without belonging and postmodern religion Globalisation, fundamentalism and religion worldwide

Global DevelopmentOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of development and underdevelopment Globalisation, transnational corporations and aid agencies Aid, trade, industrialisation and urbanisation Environment, conflict and human development Population, gender and postcolonial critiques

The MediaOptional topic

Topic overview The new media and its significance Ownership, control and media globalisation The selection and presentation of the news Media representations of social groups Media effects and models of the audience Reception analysis and selective filtering

Stratification and DifferentiationOptional topic

Topic overview Theories of stratification Life chances and dimensions of inequality Defining and measuring social class Changing structures of inequality and globalisation Social mobility

Crime and Deviance

Gender and crime

1 thing to know
Paper 3

Overview

The gender gap in offending, the chivalry and double deviance theses, and the liberation thesis.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why do the chivalry and double deviance theses predict opposite treatment of women?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What proportion of all known offenders are male?
Model answer
Males account for approximately 75-80% of all known offenders.
2
What is the gender gap in offending?
Model answer
The gender gap in offending refers to the consistent finding across time and place that males commit more crime than females, particularly violent and serious crime.
3
What types of offences are women's crimes more likely to involve?
Model answer
Women's crime tends to be less serious, less violent, and more likely to involve shoplifting, benefit fraud, and prostitution-related offences.
4
What does the chivalry thesis suggest about women's treatment in the criminal justice system?
Model answer
The chivalry thesis suggests that women receive more lenient treatment because male police officers, judges and magistrates act in a protective manner towards women.
5
Why might the chivalry thesis and double deviance thesis lead to contradictory predictions about how women are treated by the criminal justice system?
Model answer
The chivalry thesis predicts leniency towards women, while the double deviance thesis predicts harsher treatment; the outcome may depend on whether the woman's crime conforms to or violates gender expectations.
6
Why does the double deviance thesis argue that female offenders are judged more harshly?
Model answer
Because women who commit crime are seen as having deviated from both the law and from gender norms of femininity, leading to harsher judgement.

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Education

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Theory and Methods

Culture and Identity

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AAll change begins with an act of deviance.

BToday's deviance can become tomorrow's normality.

CCrime provokes a collective reaction.

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