Key term
WJEC A-Level Physical Education 601-8485-1
Performance Analysis and Fitness Testing
Levers and Movement Analysis
Joints and the Musculo-Skeletal System
Components of Fitness and Methods of Training
Energy Systems and Principles of Training
Fatigue, Recovery and Rehabilitation
Diet, Nutrition and Hydration
Personality
Stress, Arousal and Anxiety
Motivation and Self-Efficacy
Skill, Ability and Skill Classification
Learning Curves, Theories and Stages
Transfer, Practice, Guidance and Feedback
Sport, Culture and Society
The Emergence of Modern Sport
Social Differentiation in Sport
Short-Term Responses to Exercise
Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise
Carbohydrate Loading and Supplements
Biomechanical Principles
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Attitudes
Aggression
Social Facilitation
Group Dynamics and Leadership
Attribution Theory
Information Processing and Memory
Ethics, Deviance and Doping
Sport and the Mass Media
Commercialisation and Globalisation
Energy Systems and Principles of Training
- 4 subtopics
- 12 things to know
- AS Unit 1
What Energy Systems and Principles of Training covers
Energy Systems and Principles of Training is examined in AS Unit 1, Exploring physical education. It covers ATP and the ATP-PC system, anaerobic glycolysis and the aerobic system, the energy continuum, thresholds and VO₂ max and applying the principles of training.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 1
Exploring physical education, a 1¾ hour paper worth 24% of the A level.
Check the WJEC specification ↗The 4 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- ATP and the ATP-PC systemATP and how it releases energy, how long ATP stores last, the three energy systems, the anaerobic ATP-PC system with its duration, advantages and drawbacks, and the 100 m sprint, the tennis rally and endurance events.Open →
- Anaerobic glycolysis and the aerobic systemAnaerobic glycolysis, its fuel and lactic acid, how long it predominates, the 400 m and the rugby player, and the aerobic system, its end products, fat as a fuel, its ATP yield, drawbacks and the marathon.Open →
- The energy continuum, thresholds and VO₂ maxThe energy continuum and energy system thresholds, the football match, fitness and the interchange of systems, a 60-second effort and a 1500 m race, VO₂ max and the anaerobic threshold in trained and untrained performers.Open →
- Applying the principles of trainingSpecificity for a 400 m runner, progressive overload, reversibility for an injured footballer, variance for a swimmer, percentage of maximum heart rate and a worked training zone, and interval designs for each energy system.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How do the energy systems share a 1500 m race, and why do games players need a strong aerobic system?
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What is ATP, and how does it release energy for contraction?
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What is the principle of specificity?
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What is ATP?
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What is anaerobic glycolysis?
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What is the energy continuum?
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Apply the principle of specificity to a 400 m runner.
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How does ATP release energy for muscle contraction?
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What fuel does the lactic acid system use?
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What mainly decides which energy system predominates?
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What is progressive overload?
Take Energy Systems and Principles of Training further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
ATP-PC system vs Lactic acid system
ATP-PC system: anaerobic energy from creatine stores lasting up to about ten seconds. Lactic acid system: anaerobic breakdown of glucose producing lactate, lasting up to two or three minutes.
VO₂ max vs Anaerobic threshold
VO₂ max: the greatest volume of oxygen the body can take in and use per minute. Anaerobic threshold: the intensity above which lactate starts to build up in the blood.
Progressive overload vs Reversibility
Progressive overload: gradually increasing training demands so the body keeps adapting. Reversibility: the loss of fitness gains when training stops or is reduced.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is ATP?
Model answer
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the only immediate source of energy for muscle contraction. ATP is stored in small amounts in every muscle cell.
- 2
How does ATP release energy for muscle contraction?
Model answer
ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate. The energy held in the broken bond is released for contraction.
- 3
How long do the muscle's ATP stores last during maximal exercise?
Model answer
The stored ATP lasts only about 2 to 3 seconds of maximal work. ATP must be resynthesised continuously for exercise to continue.
- 4
Name the three energy systems that resynthesise ATP.
Model answer
The three are the ATP-PC system, the lactic acid system and the aerobic system. The lactic acid system is also called anaerobic glycolysis.
- 5
How does the ATP-PC system resynthesise ATP?
Model answer
Creatine phosphate, also called phosphocreatine, is broken down in the muscle to release energy. The energy rebuilds ATP from ADP and phosphate.
- 6
Why is the ATP-PC system described as anaerobic?
Model answer
The ATP-PC system needs no oxygen to resynthesise ATP. Energy is therefore available immediately.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Energy Systems and Principles of Training revision questions
- What does Energy Systems and Principles of Training cover in WJEC A-Level Physical Education?
- 4 subtopics: atp and the atp-pc system, anaerobic glycolysis and the aerobic system, the energy continuum, thresholds and vo₂ max and applying the principles of training. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Energy Systems and Principles of Training organised?
- By the WJEC 601-8485-1 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Energy Systems and Principles of Training, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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