Numbers
WJEC A-Level Physical Education 601-8485-1
Performance Analysis and Fitness Testing
Levers and Movement Analysis
Joints and the Musculo-Skeletal System
Components of Fitness and Methods of Training
Energy Systems and Principles of Training
Fatigue, Recovery and Rehabilitation
Diet, Nutrition and Hydration
Personality
Stress, Arousal and Anxiety
Motivation and Self-Efficacy
Skill, Ability and Skill Classification
Learning Curves, Theories and Stages
Transfer, Practice, Guidance and Feedback
Sport, Culture and Society
The Emergence of Modern Sport
Social Differentiation in Sport
Short-Term Responses to Exercise
Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise
Carbohydrate Loading and Supplements
Biomechanical Principles
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Attitudes
Aggression
Social Facilitation
Group Dynamics and Leadership
Attribution Theory
Information Processing and Memory
Ethics, Deviance and Doping
Sport and the Mass Media
Commercialisation and Globalisation
The Emergence of Modern Sport
- 4 subtopics
- 12 things to know
- AS Unit 1
What The Emergence of Modern Sport covers
The Emergence of Modern Sport is examined in AS Unit 1, Exploring physical education. It covers public schools and the three stages of athleticism, universities, codification and the spread of games, from amateurism to professionalism and commercialisation and Olympism, shamateurism and sport as a political tool.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 1
Exploring physical education, a 1¾ hour paper worth 24% of the A level.
Check the WJEC specification ↗The 4 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Public schools and the three stages of athleticismThe nineteenth-century public schools, the first stage of bullying and disorder, Thomas Arnold and the second stage, prefects and games, the third stage and the cult of athleticism, Muscular Christianity and Tom Brown's School Days.Open →
- Universities, codification and the spread of gamesOxford and Cambridge as a melting pot, the Cambridge Rules of 1848, codification and rationalisation, old boys and the Church spreading games, the national governing bodies and the spread of games worldwide.Open →
- From amateurism to professionalism and commercialisationAmateurs and professionals, the defence of amateurism, spectatorism, the Football Association and professionalism, the broken-time debate and the 1895 split, cricket's amateurs and professionals, and the early Olympics.Open →
- Olympism, shamateurism and sport as a political toolOlympism, shamateurism, the Olympics leaving strict amateurism, the Lombardian ethic, boycotts, the Black Power salute of 1968, sport against apartheid in South Africa, diplomacy and national identity.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
How were prefects linked to games, and what marked the third stage of public school sport?
Key term
Which qualities were games meant to build, and what was Muscular Christianity?
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Why were Oxford and Cambridge called a melting pot for sport?
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What is an amateur in sport?
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What is Olympism?
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What were the Cambridge Rules of 1848?
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What is a professional in sport?
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What is shamateurism?
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What is meant by the codification of sport?
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Why did the middle and upper classes defend amateurism?
Key term
Give an example of shamateurism.
Take The Emergence of Modern Sport further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Amateur vs Professional
Amateur: a performer taking part for enjoyment without payment. Professional: a performer paid to take part as a career.
Codification vs Rationalisation
Codification: writing down an agreed set of rules. Rationalisation: making activity organised, regular and regulated.
Shamateurism vs Broken-time payment
Shamateurism: secret money given to a performer who claims unpaid status. Broken-time payment: open compensation for wages lost while playing.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What were the English public schools of the nineteenth century?
Model answer
The public schools were fee-paying boarding schools for the sons of the upper and upper-middle classes. Rugby, Eton and Harrow are examples.
- 2
What characterised the first stage of public school sport, before about 1828?
Model answer
Boys brought popular recreations such as mob football and hunting from home. Games were brutal, disorganised and largely unsupervised.
- 3
Why was the first stage marked by bullying and disorder?
Model answer
Boys ran much of their own lives with little adult control. Rebellions and violence were common in the schools.
- 4
Who led the second stage of public school reform?
Model answer
Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School from 1828 to 1842, led the reforms of the second stage.
- 5
How did Arnold use games as a means of social control?
Model answer
Arnold used organised games to channel the boys' energy and reduce disorder. Games kept boys occupied and within school bounds.
- 6
How did the prefect system link to games?
Model answer
Prefects were given responsibility for organising games and discipline. Leadership of games taught older boys to manage others.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
The Emergence of Modern Sport revision questions
- What does The Emergence of Modern Sport cover in WJEC A-Level Physical Education?
- 4 subtopics: public schools and the three stages of athleticism, universities, codification and the spread of games, from amateurism to professionalism and commercialisation and olympism, shamateurism and sport as a political tool. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is The Emergence of Modern Sport organised?
- By the WJEC 601-8485-1 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in The Emergence of Modern Sport, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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